qubes: port core to python3

fixes QubesOS/qubes-issues#2074

qubes/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -30,9 +27,7 @@ Qubes OS
 :copyright: © 2010-2015 Invisible Things Lab
 '''
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
+import builtins
-
-import __builtin__
 import collections
 import os
 import os.path
@@ -110,7 +105,7 @@ class Label(object):
             self.name)
 
 
-    @__builtin__.property
+    @builtins.property
     def icon_path(self):
         '''Icon path
 
@@ -121,7 +116,7 @@ class Label(object):
             self.icon) + ".png"
 
 
-    @__builtin__.property
+    @builtins.property
     def icon_path_dispvm(self):
         '''Icon path
 
@@ -360,7 +355,7 @@ class property(object): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
         :py:obj:`True`.
         ''' # pylint: disable=bad-staticmethod-argument,unused-argument
 
-        if isinstance(value, basestring):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
             lcvalue = value.lower()
             if lcvalue in ('0', 'no', 'false', 'off'):
                 return False

qubes/app.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -66,7 +63,6 @@ import qubes.vm.adminvm  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 import qubes.vm.qubesvm  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 import qubes.vm.templatevm  # pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
 
-
 class VirDomainWrapper(object):
     # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@ class QubesHost(object):
         # pylint: disable=unused-variable
         (model, memory, cpus, mhz, nodes, socket, cores, threads) = \
             self.app.vmm.libvirt_conn.getInfo()
-        self._total_mem = long(memory) * 1024
+        self._total_mem = int(memory) * 1024
         self._no_cpus = cpus
 
         self.app.log.debug('QubesHost: no_cpus={} memory_total={}'.format(
@@ -283,7 +279,7 @@ class QubesHost(object):
             self._physinfo = self.app.xc.physinfo()
         except AttributeError:
             raise NotImplementedError('This function requires Xen hypervisor')
-        return long(self._physinfo['free_memory'])
+        return int(self._physinfo['free_memory'])
 
 
     def measure_cpu_usage(self, previous_time=None, previous=None,
@@ -329,7 +325,7 @@ class QubesHost(object):
                 current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = (
                     float(current[vm['domid']]['cpu_time'] -
                         previous[vm['domid']]['cpu_time']) /
-                    long(1000 ** 3) / (current_time - previous_time) * 100)
+                    1000 ** 3 / (current_time - previous_time) * 100)
                 if current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] < 0:
                     # VM has been rebooted
                     current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = 0
@@ -428,7 +424,7 @@ class VMCollection(object):
         if isinstance(key, int):
             return self._dict[key]
 
-        if isinstance(key, basestring):
+        if isinstance(key, str):
             for vm in self:
                 if vm.name == key:
                     return vm
@@ -682,7 +678,7 @@ class Qubes(qubes.PropertyHolder):
             try:
                 self.pools[name] = self._get_pool(**node.attrib)
             except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-                self.log.error(e.message)
+                self.log.error(str(e))
 
         # stage 2: load VMs
         for node in self.xml.xpath('./domains/domain'):
@@ -783,7 +779,7 @@ class Qubes(qubes.PropertyHolder):
         lxml.etree.ElementTree(self.__xml__()).write(
             fh_new, encoding='utf-8', pretty_print=True)
         fh_new.flush()
-        os.chmod(fh_new.name, 0660)
+        os.chmod(fh_new.name, 0o660)
         os.chown(fh_new.name, -1, grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_gid)
         os.rename(fh_new.name, self._store)
 

qubes/backup.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -962,7 +960,7 @@ class ExtractWorker2(Process):
                         pass
                     process.wait()
             self.log.error("ERROR: " + unicode(e))
-            raise e, None, exc_traceback
+            raise
 
     def handle_dir_relocations(self, dirname):
         ''' Relocate files in given director when it's already extracted

qubes/config.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/core2migration.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/devices.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -47,6 +44,7 @@ Such extension should provide:
  - handle `device-list-attached:class` event - list currently attached
  devices to this domain
 '''
+
 import qubes.utils
 
 

qubes/dochelpers.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -29,11 +26,12 @@ particularly our custom Sphinx extension.
 '''
 
 import argparse
+import io
 import json
 import os
 import re
-import StringIO
+import urllib.error
-import urllib2
+import urllib.request
 
 import docutils
 import docutils.nodes
@@ -64,10 +62,10 @@ def fetch_ticket_info(app, number):
     :param app: Sphinx app object
     :param str number: number of the ticket, without #
     :rtype: mapping
-    :raises: urllib2.HTTPError
+    :raises: urllib.error.HTTPError
     '''
 
-    response = urllib2.urlopen(urllib2.Request(
+    response = urllib.request.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(
         app.config.ticket_base_uri.format(number=number),
         headers={
             'Accept': 'application/vnd.github.v3+json',
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ def ticket(name, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options=None, content=None):
 
     try:
         info = fetch_ticket_info(inliner.document.settings.env.app, ticketno)
-    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
         msg = inliner.reporter.error(
             'Error while fetching ticket info: {!s}'.format(e), line=lineno)
         prb = inliner.problematic(rawtext, rawtext, msg)
@@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ def make_rst_section(heading, char):
 
 def prepare_manpage(command):
     parser = qubes.tools.get_parser_for_command(command)
-    stream = StringIO.StringIO()
+    stream = io.StringIO()
     stream.write('.. program:: {}\n\n'.format(command))
     stream.write(make_rst_section(
         ':program:`{}` -- {}'.format(command, parser.description), '='))

qubes/events.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -94,15 +91,13 @@ class EmitterMeta(type):
                 cls.add_handler(event, attr)
 
 
-class Emitter(object):
+class Emitter(object, metaclass=EmitterMeta):
     '''Subject that can emit events.
 
     By default all events are disabled not to interfere with loading from XML.
     To enable event dispatch, set :py:attr:`events_enabled` to :py:obj:`True`.
     '''
 
-    __metaclass__ = EmitterMeta
-
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(Emitter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if not hasattr(self, 'events_enabled'):

qubes/exc.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/ext/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/ext/gui.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/ext/pci.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import os
 import re
 import subprocess

qubes/ext/qubesmanager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/ext/r3compatibility.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -21,6 +19,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import datetime
 import qubes.ext
 import qubes.firewall

qubes/firewall.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
+
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import datetime
 import subprocess
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class RuleChoice(RuleOption):
         super(RuleChoice, self).__init__(value)
         self.allowed_values = \
             [v for k, v in self.__class__.__dict__.items()
-                if not k.startswith('__') and isinstance(v, basestring) and
+                if not k.startswith('__') and isinstance(v, str) and
                    not v.startswith('__')]
         if value not in self.allowed_values:
             raise ValueError(value)
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ class Firewall(object):
 
         try:
             old_umask = os.umask(0o002)
-            with open(firewall_conf, 'w') as firewall_xml:
+            with open(firewall_conf, 'wb') as firewall_xml:
                 xml_tree.write(firewall_xml, encoding="UTF-8",
                     pretty_print=True)
             os.umask(old_umask)

qubes/log.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/qmemman/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # pylint: skip-file
 
 #
@@ -22,7 +20,6 @@
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-#
 
 import logging
 import os

qubes/qmemman/algo.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # pylint: skip-file
 
 #
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-#
+
 import logging
 import string
 

qubes/qmemman/client.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # pylint: skip-file
 
 #
@@ -21,11 +19,11 @@
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-#
+
 import socket
 import fcntl
-class QMemmanClient:
 
+class QMemmanClient:
     def request_memory(self, amount):
         self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
 

qubes/rngdoc.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/storage/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -23,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 """ Qubes storage system"""
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -325,7 +323,7 @@ class Storage(object):
 
     def resize(self, volume, size):
         ''' Resizes volume a read-writable volume '''
-        if isinstance(volume, basestring):
+        if isinstance(volume, str):
             volume = self.vm.volumes[volume]
         self.get_pool(volume).resize(volume, size)
         if self.vm.is_running():
@@ -444,7 +442,7 @@ class Storage(object):
 
     def get_pool(self, volume):
         ''' Helper function '''
-        assert isinstance(volume, (Volume, basestring)), \
+        assert isinstance(volume, (Volume, str)), \
             "You need to pass a Volume or pool name as str"
         if isinstance(volume, Volume):
             return self.pools[volume.name]
@@ -474,7 +472,7 @@ class Storage(object):
 
     def export(self, volume):
         ''' Helper function to export volume (pool.export(volume))'''
-        assert isinstance(volume, (Volume, basestring)), \
+        assert isinstance(volume, (Volume, str)), \
             "You need to pass a Volume or pool name as str"
         if isinstance(volume, Volume):
             return self.pools[volume.name].export(volume)

qubes/storage/domain.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,8 +17,10 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 ''' Manages block devices in a domain '''
 
+import itertools
 import string  # pylint: disable=deprecated-module
 
 from qubes.storage import Pool, Volume
@@ -43,9 +43,10 @@ class DomainPool(Pool):
         ''' Queries qubesdb and returns volumes for `self.vm` '''
 
         qdb = self.vm.qdb
-        safe_set = set(string.letters + string.digits + string.punctuation)
+        safe_set = set(itertools.chain(
+            string.ascii_letters, string.digits, string.punctuation))
         allowed_attributes = {'desc': string.printable,
-                              'mode': string.letters,
+                              'mode': string.ascii_letters,
                               'size': string.digits}
         if not self.vm.is_running():
             return []

qubes/storage/file.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 ''' This module contains pool implementations backed by file images'''
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class FilePool(qubes.storage.Pool):
         return target
 
     def create(self, volume):
-        assert isinstance(volume.size, (int, long)) and volume.size > 0, \
+        assert isinstance(volume.size, int) and volume.size > 0, \
             'Volatile volume size must be > 0'
         if volume._is_origin:
             create_sparse_file(volume.path, volume.size)
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ class FilePool(qubes.storage.Pool):
             # TODO: Renaming the old revisions
             new_path = os.path.join(self.dir_path, subdir, new_name)
             if not os.path.exists(new_path):
-                os.mkdir(new_path, 0755)
+                os.mkdir(new_path, 0o755)
             new_volume_path = os.path.join(new_path, self.name + '.img')
             if not volume.backward_comp:
                 os.rename(volume.path, new_volume_path)
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ class FilePool(qubes.storage.Pool):
     def reset(self, volume):
         ''' Remove and recreate a volatile volume '''
         assert volume._is_volatile, "Not a volatile volume"
-        assert isinstance(volume.size, (int, long)) and volume.size > 0, \
+        assert isinstance(volume.size, int) and volume.size > 0, \
             'Volatile volume size must be > 0'
 
         _remove_if_exists(volume.path)

qubes/storage/kernels.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -21,7 +19,9 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 ''' This module contains pool implementations for different OS kernels. '''
+
 import os
 
 from qubes.storage import Pool, StoragePoolException, Volume

qubes/storage/lvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-# pylint: disable=abstract-method
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,6 +17,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 ''' Driver for storing vm images in a LVM thin pool '''
 
 import logging

qubes/tarwriter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -27,7 +25,6 @@ import io
 
 BUF_SIZE = 409600
 
-
 class TarSparseInfo(tarfile.TarInfo):
     def __init__(self, name="", sparsemap=None):
         super(TarSparseInfo, self).__init__(name)
@@ -48,12 +45,12 @@ class TarSparseInfo(tarfile.TarInfo):
 
     def sparse_header_chunk(self, index):
         if index < len(self.sparsemap):
-            return ''.join([
+            return b''.join([
                 tarfile.itn(self.sparsemap[index][0], 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),
                 tarfile.itn(self.sparsemap[index][1], 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),
             ])
         else:
-            return '\0' * 12 * 2
+            return b'\0' * 12 * 2
 
     def get_gnu_header(self):
         '''Part placed in 'prefix' field of posix header'''
@@ -62,20 +59,20 @@ class TarSparseInfo(tarfile.TarInfo):
             tarfile.itn(self.mtime, 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),  # atime
             tarfile.itn(self.mtime, 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),  # ctime
             tarfile.itn(0, 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),  # offset
-            tarfile.stn('', 4),  # longnames
+            tarfile.stn('', 4, tarfile.ENCODING, 'surrogateescape'),  #longnames
-            '\0',  # unused_pad2
+            b'\0',  # unused_pad2
         ]
         parts += [self.sparse_header_chunk(i) for i in range(4)]
         parts += [
-            '\1' if len(self.sparsemap) > 4 else '\0',  # isextended
+            b'\1' if len(self.sparsemap) > 4 else b'\0',  # isextended
             tarfile.itn(self.realsize, 12, tarfile.GNU_FORMAT),  # realsize
         ]
-        return ''.join(parts)
+        return b''.join(parts)
 
-    def get_info(self, encoding, errors):
+    def get_info(self):
-        info = super(TarSparseInfo, self).get_info(encoding, errors)
+        info = super(TarSparseInfo, self).get_info()
         # place GNU extension into
-        info['prefix'] = self.get_gnu_header()
+        info['prefix'] = self.get_gnu_header().decode(tarfile.ENCODING)
         return info
 
     def tobuf(self, format=tarfile.DEFAULT_FORMAT, encoding=tarfile.ENCODING,
@@ -83,16 +80,20 @@ class TarSparseInfo(tarfile.TarInfo):
         # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
         header_buf = super(TarSparseInfo, self).tobuf(format, encoding, errors)
         if len(self.sparsemap) > 4:
-            return header_buf + ''.join(self.create_ext_sparse_headers())
+            return header_buf + b''.join(self.create_ext_sparse_headers())
         else:
             return header_buf
 
     def create_ext_sparse_headers(self):
         for ext_hdr in range(4, len(self.sparsemap), 21):
-            sparse_parts = [self.sparse_header_chunk(i) for i in
+            sparse_parts = [
-                range(ext_hdr, ext_hdr+21)]
+                self.sparse_header_chunk(i).decode(
-            sparse_parts += '\1' if ext_hdr+21 < len(self.sparsemap) else '\0'
+                    tarfile.ENCODING, 'surrogateescape')
-            yield tarfile.stn(''.join(sparse_parts), 512)
+                for i in range(ext_hdr, ext_hdr+21)]
+            sparse_parts.append(
+                '\1' if ext_hdr+21 < len(self.sparsemap) else '\0')
+            yield tarfile.stn(''.join(sparse_parts), 512,
+                    tarfile.ENCODING, 'surrogateescape')
 
 
 def get_sparse_map(input_file):
@@ -161,8 +162,8 @@ def copy_sparse_data(input_stream, output_stream, sparse_map):
 
 def finalize(output):
     '''Write EOF blocks'''
-    output.write('\0' * 512)
+    output.write(b'\0' * 512)
-    output.write('\0' * 512)
+    output.write(b'\0' * 512)
 
 def main(args=None):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

qubes/tests/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
 
 #
@@ -33,7 +31,6 @@
     don't run the tests.
 """
 
-import __builtin__
 import collections
 import functools
 import logging
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ except libvirt.libvirtError:
 
 try:
     in_git = subprocess.check_output(
-        ['git', 'rev-parse', '--show-toplevel']).strip()
+        ['git', 'rev-parse', '--show-toplevel']).decode().strip()
     qubes.log.LOGPATH = '/tmp'
     qubes.log.LOGFILE = '/tmp/qubes.log'
 except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ def expectedFailureIfTemplate(templates):
         @functools.wraps(func)
         def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
             template = self.template
-            if isinstance(templates, basestring):
+            if isinstance(templates, str):
                 should_expect_fail = template in templates
             else:
                 should_expect_fail = any([template in x for x in templates])
@@ -283,7 +280,11 @@ class QubesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         super(QubesTestCase, self).tearDown()
 
-        result = self._resultForDoCleanups
+        # TODO: find better way in py3
+        try:
+            result = self._outcome.result
+        except:
+            result = self._resultForDoCleanups
         failed_test_cases = result.failures \
             + result.errors \
             + [(tc, None) for tc in result.unexpectedSuccesses]
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ class QubesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(xml1.tag, xml2.tag)
         self.assertEqual(xml1.text, xml2.text)
-        self.assertItemsEqual(xml1.keys(), xml2.keys())
+        self.assertCountEqual(xml1.keys(), xml2.keys())
         for key in xml1.keys():
             self.assertEqual(xml1.get(key), xml2.get(key))
 
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ class SystemTestsMixin(object):
     def init_default_template(self, template=None):
         if template is None:
             template = self.host_app.default_template
-        elif isinstance(template, basestring):
+        elif isinstance(template, str):
             template = self.host_app.domains[template]
 
         template_vm = self.app.add_new_vm(qubes.vm.templatevm.TemplateVM,
@@ -752,9 +753,8 @@ class SystemTestsMixin(object):
 
         wait_count = 0
         while subprocess.call(['xdotool', 'search', '--name', title],
-                              stdout=open(os.path.devnull, 'w'),
+                stdout=open(os.path.devnull, 'w'), stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) \
-                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) == \
+                    == int(show):
-                __builtin__.int(show):
             wait_count += 1
             if wait_count > timeout*10:
                 self.fail("Timeout while waiting for {} window to {}".format(
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ class SystemTestsMixin(object):
             init_path = os.path.join(mountpoint, 'init')
             with open(init_path, 'w') as f:
                 f.write(init_script)
-            os.chmod(init_path, 0755)
+            os.chmod(init_path, 0o755)
             dracut_args = [
                 '--kver', kernel_version,
                 '--include', init_path,
@@ -894,23 +894,23 @@ def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern): # pylint: disable=unused-argument
 
     for modname in (
             # integration tests
-            'qubes.tests.int.basic',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.basic',
-            'qubes.tests.int.storage',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.storage',
-            'qubes.tests.int.devices_pci',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.devices_pci',
-            'qubes.tests.int.dom0_update',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.dom0_update',
-            'qubes.tests.int.network',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.network',
-            'qubes.tests.int.dispvm',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.dispvm',
-            'qubes.tests.int.vm_qrexec_gui',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.vm_qrexec_gui',
-            'qubes.tests.int.backup',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.backup',
-            'qubes.tests.int.backupcompatibility',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.backupcompatibility',
 #           'qubes.tests.regressions',
 
             # tool tests
-            'qubes.tests.int.tools.qubes_create',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.tools.qubes_create',
-            'qubes.tests.int.tools.qvm_check',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.tools.qvm_check',
-            'qubes.tests.int.tools.qvm_firewall',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.tools.qvm_firewall',
-            'qubes.tests.int.tools.qvm_prefs',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.tools.qvm_prefs',
-            'qubes.tests.int.tools.qvm_run',
+            'qubes.tests.integ.tools.qvm_run',
 
             # external modules
 #           'qubes.tests.extra',

qubes/tests/app.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #
@@ -32,26 +30,7 @@ import qubes
 import qubes.events
 
 import qubes.tests
-
+import qubes.tests.init
-# FIXME: blatant duplication with qubes.tests.init
-
-class TestVM(qubes.vm.BaseVM):
-    qid = qubes.property('qid', type=int)
-    name = qubes.property('name')
-    netid = qid
-    uuid = uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'testvm')
-
-    class MockLibvirt(object):
-        def undefine(self):
-            pass
-
-    libvirt_domain = MockLibvirt()
-
-    def is_halted(self):
-        return True
-
-    def get_power_state(self):
-        return "Halted"
 
 class TestApp(qubes.tests.TestEmitter):
     pass
@@ -61,8 +40,10 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
         self.app = TestApp()
         self.vms = qubes.app.VMCollection(self.app)
 
-        self.testvm1 = TestVM(None, None, qid=1, name='testvm1')
+        self.testvm1 = qubes.tests.init.TestVM(
-        self.testvm2 = TestVM(None, None, qid=2, name='testvm2')
+            None, None, qid=1, name='testvm1')
+        self.testvm2 = qubes.tests.init.TestVM(
+            None, None, qid=2, name='testvm2')
 
     def test_000_contains(self):
         self.vms._dict = {1: self.testvm1}
@@ -91,8 +72,10 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.vms.add(object())
 
-        testvm_qid_collision = TestVM(None, None, name='testvm2', qid=1)
+        testvm_qid_collision = qubes.tests.init.TestVM(
-        testvm_name_collision = TestVM(None, None, name='testvm1', qid=2)
+            None, None, name='testvm2', qid=1)
+        testvm_name_collision = qubes.tests.init.TestVM(
+            None, None, name='testvm1', qid=2)
 
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.vms.add(testvm_qid_collision)
@@ -103,27 +86,27 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.qids(), [1, 2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.qids(), [1, 2])
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.keys(), [1, 2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.keys(), [1, 2])
 
     def test_004_names(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.names(), ['testvm1', 'testvm2'])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.names(), ['testvm1', 'testvm2'])
 
     def test_005_vms(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.values(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.values(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
 
     def test_006_items(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.items(),
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.items(),
             [(1, self.testvm1), (2, self.testvm2)])
 
     def test_007_len(self):
@@ -138,7 +121,7 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
 
         del self.vms['testvm2']
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1])
         self.assertEventFired(self.app, 'domain-delete', args=[self.testvm2])
 
     def test_100_get_new_unused_qid(self):

qubes/tests/devices.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #

qubes/tests/events.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ class TC_00_Emitter(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
 
         effect = emitter.fire_event('testevent')
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(effect,
+        self.assertCountEqual(effect,
             ('testvalue1', 'testvalue2', 'testvalue3', 'testvalue4'))
 
     def test_004_catch_all(self):

qubes/tests/extra.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -76,9 +73,8 @@ def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
             for test_case in entry.load()():
                 tests.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case))
         except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
             def runTest(self):
-                raise err, None, tb
+                raise err
             ExtraLoadFailure = type('ExtraLoadFailure',
                 (qubes.tests.QubesTestCase,),
                 {entry.name: runTest})
@@ -105,9 +101,8 @@ def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
                         )
                     ))
         except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
             def runTest(self):
-                raise err, None, tb
+                raise err
             ExtraForTemplateLoadFailure = type('ExtraForTemplateLoadFailure',
                 (qubes.tests.QubesTestCase,),
                 {entry.name: runTest})

qubes/tests/firewall.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tests/init.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #
@@ -292,6 +290,12 @@ class TestVM(qubes.vm.BaseVM):
     netid = qid
     uuid = uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'testvm')
 
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        try:
+            return self.name < other.name
+        except AttributeError:
+            return NotImplemented
+
     class MockLibvirt(object):
         def undefine(self):
             pass
@@ -304,6 +308,7 @@ class TestVM(qubes.vm.BaseVM):
     def get_power_state(self):
         return "Halted"
 
+
 class TestApp(qubes.tests.TestEmitter):
     pass
 
@@ -354,27 +359,27 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.qids(), [1, 2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.qids(), [1, 2])
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.keys(), [1, 2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.keys(), [1, 2])
 
     def test_004_names(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.names(), ['testvm1', 'testvm2'])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.names(), ['testvm1', 'testvm2'])
 
     def test_005_vms(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.values(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.values(), [self.testvm1, self.testvm2])
 
     def test_006_items(self):
         self.vms.add(self.testvm1)
         self.vms.add(self.testvm2)
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.items(),
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.items(),
             [(1, self.testvm1), (2, self.testvm2)])
 
     def test_007_len(self):
@@ -389,7 +394,7 @@ class TC_30_VMCollection(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
 
         del self.vms['testvm2']
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1])
+        self.assertCountEqual(self.vms.vms(), [self.testvm1])
         self.assertEventFired(self.app, 'domain-delete', args=[self.testvm2])
 
     def test_100_get_new_unused_qid(self):

qubes/tests/integ/backup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,6 +19,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import hashlib
 import logging
 import multiprocessing

qubes/tests/integ/backupcompatibility.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-#
+
 from multiprocessing import Queue
 
 import os
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ import sys
 import re
 
 import qubes.tests
-import qubes.tests.int.backup
+import qubes.tests.integ.backup
 
 QUBESXML_R2B2 = '''
 <QubesVmCollection updatevm="3" default_kernel="3.7.6-2" default_netvm="3" default_fw_netvm="2" default_template="1" clockvm="2">
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ compression-filter=gzip
 '''
 
 class TC_00_BackupCompatibility(
-    qubes.tests.int.backup.BackupTestsMixin, qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
+    qubes.tests.integ.backup.BackupTestsMixin, qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
 
     def tearDown(self):
         self.remove_test_vms(prefix="test-")

qubes/tests/integ/basic.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 from distutils import spawn
 
 import os

qubes/tests/integ/devices_pci.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import os
 import subprocess
 import time

qubes/tests/integ/dispvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -20,7 +18,6 @@
 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 #
-#
 
 from distutils import spawn
 import qubes.tests

qubes/tests/integ/dom0_update.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -20,6 +18,7 @@
 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301,
 # USA.
 #
+
 import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess

qubes/tests/integ/network.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,6 +19,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 from distutils import spawn
 
 import multiprocessing

qubes/tests/integ/storage.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
+
 import os
 
 import shutil

qubes/tests/integ/tools/qubes_create.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,7 +19,6 @@
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
 
-
 import qubes
 import qubes.tools.qubes_create
 

qubes/tests/integ/tools/qvm_check.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tests/integ/tools/qvm_firewall.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,6 +17,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
 
 import qubes.firewall
 import qubes.tests

qubes/tests/integ/tools/qvm_prefs.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,7 +19,6 @@
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
 
-
 import qubes
 import qubes.tools.qvm_prefs
 

qubes/tests/integ/tools/qvm_run.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tests/integ/vm_qrexec_gui.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -22,6 +19,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 from distutils import spawn
 
 import multiprocessing

qubes/tests/run.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -24,6 +21,7 @@
 
 import argparse
 import curses
+import itertools
 import logging
 import logging.handlers
 import os
@@ -36,29 +34,37 @@ import unittest.signals
 import qubes.tests
 
 class CursesColor(dict):
+    colors = (
+        'black', 'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white')
+    attrs = {
+        'bold': 'bold', 'normal': 'sgr0'}
     def __init__(self):
         super(CursesColor, self).__init__()
+        self.has_colors = False
         try:
             curses.setupterm()
+            self.has_colors = True
         except curses.error:
             return
 
-        # pylint: disable=bad-whitespace
-        self['black']   = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 0)
-        self['red']     = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 1)
-        self['green']   = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 2)
-        self['yellow']  = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 3)
-        self['blue']    = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 4)
-        self['magenta'] = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 5)
-        self['cyan']    = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 6)
-        self['white']   = curses.tparm(curses.tigetstr('setaf'), 7)
-
-        self['bold']    = curses.tigetstr('bold')
-        self['normal']  = curses.tigetstr('sgr0')
 
     def __missing__(self, key):
         # pylint: disable=unused-argument,no-self-use
-        return ''
+        if not self.has_colors:
+            return ''
+
+        try:
+            value = curses.tigetstr(self.attrs[key])
+        except KeyError:
+            try:
+                value = curses.tparm(
+                    curses.tigetstr('setaf'), self.colors.index(key))
+            except ValueError:
+                return ''
+
+        value = value.decode()
+        self[key] = value
+        return value
 
 
 class QubesTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
@@ -293,13 +299,18 @@ parser.add_argument('--do-clean', '-C',
     help='do execute tearDown even on failed tests.')
 
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
+try:
+    name_to_level = logging._nameToLevel
+except AttributeError:
+    name_to_level = logging._levelNames
 parser.add_argument('--loglevel', '-L', metavar='LEVEL',
     action='store', choices=tuple(k
-        for k in sorted(logging._levelNames.keys(),
+        for k in sorted(name_to_level.keys(),
-            key=lambda x: logging._levelNames[x])
+            key=lambda x: name_to_level[x])
-        if isinstance(k, basestring)),
+        if isinstance(k, str)),
     help='logging level for file and syslog forwarding '
         '(one of: %(choices)s; default: %(default)s)')
+del name_to_level
 # pylint: enable=protected-access
 
 parser.add_argument('--logfile', '-o', metavar='FILE',

qubes/tests/storage.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015  Bahtiar `kalkin-` Gadimov <bahtiar@gadimov.de>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
 
 import qubes.log
 from qubes.exc import QubesException
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ class TC_00_Pool(QubesTestCase):
 
     def test_001_all_pool_drivers(self):
         """ The only predefined pool driver is file """
-        self.assertEquals(['linux-kernel', 'lvm_thin', 'file'], pool_drivers())
+        self.assertCountEqual(['linux-kernel', 'lvm_thin', 'file'], pool_drivers())
 
     def test_002_get_pool_klass(self):
         """ Expect the default pool to be `FilePool` """

qubes/tests/storage_file.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2015  Bahtiar `kalkin-` Gadimov <bahtiar@gadimov.de>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
 
 ''' Tests for the file storage backend '''
 

qubes/tests/storage_lvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-# pylint: disable=missing-docstring
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tests/tarwriter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
+
 import os
 import subprocess
 import tempfile
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class TC_00_TarWriter(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
             expected_output = (
                 'tar: Removing leading `/\' from member names\n' +
                 expected_output)
-        self.assertEqual(tar_output, expected_output)
+        self.assertEqual(tar_output.decode(), expected_output)
         extracted_path = os.path.join(self.extract_dir,
             expected_name.lstrip('/'))
         with self.assertNotRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):

qubes/tests/tools/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -20,18 +17,15 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
 
 
+import io
 import sys
-try:
-    import StringIO
-except ImportError:
-    from io import StringIO
-
 
 class StdoutBuffer(object):
     def __init__(self):
-        self.stdout = StringIO.StringIO()
+        self.stdout = io.StringIO()
 
     def __enter__(self):
         sys.stdout = self.stdout

qubes/tests/tools/init.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tests/tools/qvm_device.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #

qubes/tests/tools/qvm_firewall.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -19,6 +17,8 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+#
+
 import argparse
 
 import qubes.firewall

qubes/tests/tools/qvm_ls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #

qubes/tests/vm/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access,pointless-statement
 
 #

qubes/tests/vm/adminvm.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tests/vm/init.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 #
@@ -109,8 +107,8 @@ class TC_10_BaseVM(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
             'testfeature_aqq': 'aqq',
         })
 
-        self.assertItemsEqual(vm.devices.keys(), ('pci',))
+        self.assertCountEqual(vm.devices.keys(), ('pci',))
-        self.assertItemsEqual(list(vm.devices['pci'].attached(persistent=True)),
+        self.assertCountEqual(list(vm.devices['pci'].attached(persistent=True)),
             [qubes.ext.pci.PCIDevice(vm, '00:11.22')])
 
         self.assertXMLIsValid(vm.__xml__(), 'domain.rng')

qubes/tests/vm/mix/net.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 #
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import unittest
 
 import qubes

qubes/tests/vm/qubesvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 #
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@
 # with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 # 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 #
+
 import os
 
 import unittest
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ class TC_90_QubesVM(QubesVMTestsMixin,qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
 
     def test_110_name(self):
         vm = self.get_vm()
-        self.assertIsInstance(vm.name, basestring)
+        self.assertIsInstance(vm.name, str)
 
     def test_120_uuid(self):
         my_uuid = uuid.uuid4()

qubes/tools/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -294,7 +291,7 @@ class PoolsAction(QubesAction):
                 pools = [app.get_pool(name) for name in pool_names]
                 setattr(namespace, self.dest, pools)
             except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-                parser.error(e.message)
+                parser.error(str(e))
                 sys.exit(2)
 
 
@@ -530,9 +527,9 @@ def print_table(table):
     if sys.stdout != sys.__stdout__:
         p = subprocess.Popen(cmd + ['-c', '80'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-        p.stdin.write(text_table)
+        p.stdin.write(text_table.encode())
         (out, _) = p.communicate()
-        sys.stdout.write(out)
+        sys.stdout.write(out.decode())
     else:
         p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
-        p.communicate(text_table)
+        p.communicate(text_table.encode())

qubes/tools/qmemmand.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # pylint: skip-file
 
 #
@@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ def main():
     log.debug('instantiating server')
     os.umask(0)
     server = SocketServer.UnixStreamServer(SOCK_PATH, QMemmanReqHandler)
-    os.umask(077)
+    os.umask(0o077)
 
     # notify systemd
     nofity_socket = os.getenv('NOTIFY_SOCKET')

qubes/tools/qubes_create.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qubes_monitor_layout_notify.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qubes_prefs.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_backup.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ def main(args=None):
             pass_f.close()
 
     else:
-        if raw_input("Do you want to proceed? [y/N] ").upper() != "Y":
+        if input("Do you want to proceed? [y/N] ").upper() != "Y":
             return 0
 
         prompt = ("Please enter the passphrase that will be used to {}verify "

qubes/tools/qvm_backup_restore.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ def main(args=None):
         parser.error_runtime(str(e))
 
     if args.pass_file is None:
-        if raw_input("Do you want to proceed? [y/N] ").upper() != "Y":
+        if input("Do you want to proceed? [y/N] ").upper() != "Y":
             exit(0)
 
     try:

qubes/tools/qvm_block.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
 # pylint: disable=C,R
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
+
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -132,10 +131,10 @@ def list_volumes(args):
 
     if hasattr(args, 'domains') and args.domains:
         result = [x  # reduce to only VolumeData with assigned domains
-                  for p in vd_dict.itervalues() for x in p.itervalues()
+                  for p in vd_dict.values() for x in p.values()
                   if x.domains]
     else:
-        result = [x for p in vd_dict.itervalues() for x in p.itervalues()]
+        result = [x for p in vd_dict.values() for x in p.values()]
     qubes.tools.print_table(prepare_table(result, full=args.full))
 
 def revert_volume(args):
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ def revert_volume(args):
         pool = app.pools[volume.pool]
         pool.revert(volume)
     except qubes.storage.StoragePoolException as e:
-        print(e.message, file=sys.stderr)
+        print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
 def attach_volumes(args):
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ def attach_volumes(args):
         rw = not args.ro
         vm.storage.attach(volume, rw=rw)
     except qubes.storage.StoragePoolException as e:
-        print(e.message, file=sys.stderr)
+        print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def detach_volumes(args):
     try:
         vm.storage.detach(volume)
     except qubes.storage.StoragePoolException as e:
-        print(e.message, file=sys.stderr)
+        print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ def main(args=None):
         args = parser.parse_args(args)
         args.func(args)
     except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-        parser.print_error(e.message)
+        parser.print_error(str(e))
         return 1
 
 

qubes/tools/qvm_check.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
+# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
+
-# :pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_clone.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_create.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_device.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# coding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=C,R
+
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ def main(args=None):
     try:
         args.func(args)
     except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-        print(e.message, file=sys.stderr)
+        print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
         return 1
     return 0
 

qubes/tools/qvm_features.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_firewall.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ def main(args=None):
             if args.reload:
                 vm.fire_event('firewall-changed')
     except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-        parser.print_error(e.message)
+        parser.print_error(str(e))
         return 1
     return 0
 

qubes/tools/qvm_kill.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_ls.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 
 #
@@ -28,7 +26,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import __builtin__
 import argparse
 import collections
 import sys
@@ -101,7 +98,7 @@ class Column(object):
 
         ret = None
         try:
-            if isinstance(self._attr, basestring):
+            if isinstance(self._attr, str):
                 ret = vm
                 for attrseg in self._attr.split('.'):
                     ret = getattr(ret, attrseg)
@@ -151,7 +148,7 @@ def column(width=0, head=None):
     def decorator(obj):
         # pylint: disable=missing-docstring
         # we keep hints on fget, so the order of decorators does not matter
-        holder = obj.fget if isinstance(obj, __builtin__.property) else obj
+        holder = obj.fget if isinstance(obj, property) else obj
 
         try:
             holder.ls_head = head or holder.__name__.replace('_', '-').upper()
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ def process_class(cls):
     for klass in cls.__mro__:
         for prop in klass.__dict__.values():
             holder = prop.fget \
-                if isinstance(prop, __builtin__.property) \
+                if isinstance(prop, property) \
                 else prop
             if not hasattr(holder, 'ls_head') or holder.ls_head is None:
                 continue
@@ -616,7 +613,7 @@ def main(args=None):
     try:
         args = parser.parse_args(args)
     except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-        parser.print_error(e.message)
+        parser.print_error(str(e))
         return 1
 
     if args.fields:

qubes/tools/qvm_pause.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_pool.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
+# pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
+
-# :pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ def main(args=None):
     try:
         args = parser.parse_args(args)
     except qubes.exc.QubesException as e:
-        parser.print_error(e.message)
+        parser.print_error(str(e))
         return 1
 
     if args.command is None or args.command == 'list':

qubes/tools/qvm_prefs.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_remove.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_run.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_shutdown.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2
-# vim: fileencoding=utf8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_start.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_tags.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_template_commit.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_template_postprocess.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/tools/qvm_unpause.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/vm/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ class BaseVMMeta(qubes.events.EmitterMeta):
         qubes.tools.qvm_ls.process_class(cls)
 
 
-class BaseVM(qubes.PropertyHolder):
+class BaseVM(qubes.PropertyHolder, metaclass=BaseVMMeta):
     '''Base class for all VMs
 
     :param app: Qubes application context
@@ -157,8 +154,6 @@ class BaseVM(qubes.PropertyHolder):
     '''
     # pylint: disable=no-member
 
-    __metaclass__ = BaseVMMeta
-
     def __init__(self, app, xml, features=None, devices=None, tags=None,
             **kwargs):
         # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name

qubes/vm/adminvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/vm/appvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #

qubes/vm/dispvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@
 #
 
 ''' A disposable vm implementation '''
+
 import copy
 
 import qubes.vm.qubesvm

qubes/vm/mix/net.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -24,6 +22,7 @@
 #
 
 ''' This module contains the NetVMMixin '''
+
 import os
 import re
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ import qubes.exc
 def _setter_mac(self, prop, value):
     ''' Helper for setting the MAC address '''
     # pylint: disable=unused-argument
-    if not isinstance(value, basestring):
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise ValueError('MAC address must be a string')
     value = value.lower()
     if re.match(r"^([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]:){5}[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$", value) is None:
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ def _default_ip(self):
 
 def _setter_ip(self, prop, value):
     # pylint: disable=unused-argument
-    if not isinstance(value, basestring):
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise ValueError('IP address must be a string')
     value = value.lower()
     if re.match(r"^([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$", value) is None:

qubes/vm/qubesvm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ def _setter_qid(self, prop, value):
 
 def _setter_name(self, prop, value):
     ''' Helper for setting the domain name '''
-    if not isinstance(value, basestring):
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
         raise TypeError('{} value must be string, {!r} found'.format(
             prop.__name__, type(value).__name__))
     if len(value) > 31:
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ def _setter_label(self, prop, value):
     # pylint: disable=unused-argument
     if isinstance(value, qubes.Label):
         return value
-    if isinstance(value, basestring) and value.startswith('label-'):
+    if isinstance(value, str) and value.startswith('label-'):
         return self.app.labels[int(value.split('-', 1)[1])]
 
     return self.app.get_label(value)
@@ -673,6 +671,9 @@ class QubesVM(qubes.vm.mix.net.NetVMMixin, qubes.vm.BaseVM):
     def __hash__(self):
         return self.qid
 
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self.name < other.name
+
     def __xml__(self):
         element = super(QubesVM, self).__xml__()
 

qubes/vm/standalonevm.py

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
-
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
 #

qubes/vm/templatevm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2 -O
-# vim: fileencoding=utf-8
 #
 # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
 #