#!/usr/bin/python2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org # # Copyright (C) 2010 Joanna Rutkowska # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 # of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. # # from __future__ import absolute_import import sys import os import os.path import lxml.etree import xml.parsers.expat import fcntl import time import warnings import tempfile import grp import atexit # Do not use XenAPI or create/read any VM files # This is for testing only! dry_run = False #dry_run = True if not dry_run: import libvirt import xen.lowlevel.xc import xen.lowlevel.xs qubes_base_dir = "/var/lib/qubes" system_path = { 'qubes_guid_path': '/usr/bin/qubes-guid', 'qrexec_daemon_path': '/usr/lib/qubes/qrexec-daemon', 'qrexec_client_path': '/usr/lib/qubes/qrexec-client', 'qubesdb_daemon_path': '/usr/sbin/qubesdb-daemon', 'qubes_base_dir': qubes_base_dir, 'qubes_appvms_dir': '{base_dir}/appvms', 'qubes_templates_dir': '{base_dir}/vm-templates', 'qubes_servicevms_dir': '{base_dir}/servicevms', 'qubes_store_filename': '{base_dir}/qubes.xml', 'qubes_kernels_base_dir': '{base_dir}/vm-kernels', # qubes_icon_dir is obsolete # use QIcon.fromTheme() where applicable 'qubes_icon_dir': '/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/devices', 'config_template_pv': '/usr/share/qubes/xen-vm-template.xml', 'qubes_pciback_cmd': '/usr/lib/qubes/unbind-pci-device.sh', 'prepare_volatile_img_cmd': '/usr/lib/qubes/prepare-volatile-img.sh', 'monitor_layout_notify_cmd': '/usr/bin/qubes-monitor-layout-notify', } vm_files = { 'root_img': 'root.img', 'rootcow_img': 'root-cow.img', 'volatile_img': 'volatile.img', 'clean_volatile_img': 'clean-volatile.img.tar', 'private_img': 'private.img', 'kernels_subdir': 'kernels', 'firewall_conf': 'firewall.xml', 'whitelisted_appmenus': 'whitelisted-appmenus.list', 'updates_stat_file': 'updates.stat', } defaults = { 'libvirt_uri': 'xen:///', 'memory': 400, 'kernelopts': "nopat", 'kernelopts_pcidevs': "nopat iommu=soft swiotlb=4096", 'dom0_update_check_interval': 6*3600, # how long (in sec) to wait for VMs to shutdown, # before killing them (when used qvm-run with --wait option), 'shutdown_counter_max': 60, 'vm_default_netmask': "255.255.255.0", # Set later 'appvm_label': None, 'template_label': None, 'servicevm_label': None, } qubes_max_qid = 254 qubes_max_netid = 254 class QubesException (Exception): pass class QubesVMMConnection(object): def __init__(self): self._libvirt_conn = None self._xs = None self._xc = None self._offline_mode = False @property def offline_mode(self): return self._offline_mode @offline_mode.setter def offline_mode(self, value): if not value and self._libvirt_conn is not None: raise QubesException("Cannot change offline mode while already connected") self._offline_mode = value def _libvirt_error_handler(self, ctx, error): pass def init_vmm_connection(self): if self._libvirt_conn is not None: # Already initialized return if self._offline_mode: # Do not initialize in offline mode return self._xc = xen.lowlevel.xc.xc() self._xs = xen.lowlevel.xs.xs() self._libvirt_conn = libvirt.open(defaults['libvirt_uri']) if self._libvirt_conn == None: raise QubesException("Failed connect to libvirt driver") libvirt.registerErrorHandler(self._libvirt_error_handler, None) atexit.register(self._libvirt_conn.close) def _common_getter(self, name): if self._offline_mode: # Do not initialize in offline mode raise QubesException("VMM operations disabled in offline mode") if self._libvirt_conn is None: self.init_vmm_connection() return getattr(self, name) @property def libvirt_conn(self): return self._common_getter('_libvirt_conn') @property def xs(self): return self._common_getter('_xs') @property def xc(self): return self._common_getter('_xc') ##### VMM global variable definition ##### if not dry_run: vmm = QubesVMMConnection() ########################################## class QubesHost(object): def __init__(self): (model, memory, cpus, mhz, nodes, socket, cores, threads) = vmm.libvirt_conn.getInfo() self.physinfo = vmm.xc.physinfo() self._total_mem = long(memory)*1024 self._no_cpus = cpus # print "QubesHost: total_mem = {0}B".format (self.xen_total_mem) # print "QubesHost: free_mem = {0}".format (self.get_free_xen_memory()) # print "QubesHost: total_cpus = {0}".format (self.xen_no_cpus) @property def memory_total(self): return self._total_mem @property def no_cpus(self): return self._no_cpus # TODO def get_free_xen_memory(self): ret = self.physinfo['free_memory'] return long(ret) # TODO def measure_cpu_usage(self, previous=None, previous_time = None, wait_time=1): """measure cpu usage for all domains at once""" if previous is None: previous_time = time.time() previous = {} info = vmm.xc.domain_getinfo(0, qubes_max_qid) for vm in info: previous[vm['domid']] = {} previous[vm['domid']]['cpu_time'] = ( vm['cpu_time'] / vm['online_vcpus']) previous[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = 0 time.sleep(wait_time) current_time = time.time() current = {} info = vmm.xc.domain_getinfo(0, qubes_max_qid) for vm in info: current[vm['domid']] = {} current[vm['domid']]['cpu_time'] = ( vm['cpu_time'] / max(vm['online_vcpus'], 1)) if vm['domid'] in previous.keys(): current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = ( float(current[vm['domid']]['cpu_time'] - previous[vm['domid']]['cpu_time']) / long(1000**3) / (current_time-previous_time) * 100) if current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] < 0: # VM has been rebooted current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = 0 else: current[vm['domid']]['cpu_usage'] = 0 return (current_time, current) class QubesVmLabel(object): def __init__(self, index, color, name, dispvm=False): self.index = index self.color = color self.name = name self.dispvm = dispvm self.icon = '{}-{}'.format(('dispvm' if dispvm else 'appvm'), name) def __repr__(self): return '{}({!r}, {!r}, {!r}, dispvm={!r})'.format( self.__class__.__name__, self.index, self.color, self.name, self.dispvm) # self.icon_path is obsolete # use QIcon.fromTheme(label.icon) where applicable @property def icon_path(self): return os.path.join(system_path['qubes_icon_dir'], self.icon) + ".png" def register_qubes_vm_class(vm_class): QubesVmClasses[vm_class.__name__] = vm_class # register class as local for this module - to make it easy to import from # other modules setattr(sys.modules[__name__], vm_class.__name__, vm_class) class QubesVmCollection(dict): """ A collection of Qubes VMs indexed by Qubes id (qid) """ def __init__(self, store_filename=None): super(QubesVmCollection, self).__init__() self.default_netvm_qid = None self.default_fw_netvm_qid = None self.default_template_qid = None self.default_kernel = None self.updatevm_qid = None self.qubes_store_filename = store_filename if not store_filename: self.qubes_store_filename = system_path["qubes_store_filename"] self.clockvm_qid = None self.qubes_store_file = None def __repr__(self): return '<{} {!r}>'.format(self.__class__.__name__, list(sorted(self.keys()))) def values(self): for qid in self.keys(): yield self[qid] def items(self): for qid in self.keys(): yield (qid, self[qid]) def __iter__(self): for qid in sorted(super(QubesVmCollection, self).keys()): yield qid keys = __iter__ def __setitem__(self, key, value): if key not in self: return super(QubesVmCollection, self).__setitem__(key, value) else: assert False, "Attempt to add VM with qid that already exists in the collection!" def add_new_vm(self, vm_type, **kwargs): if vm_type not in QubesVmClasses.keys(): raise ValueError("Unknown VM type: %s" % vm_type) qid = self.get_new_unused_qid() vm_cls = QubesVmClasses[vm_type] if 'template' in kwargs: if not vm_cls.is_template_compatible(kwargs['template']): raise QubesException("Template not compatible with selected " "VM type") vm = vm_cls(qid=qid, collection=self, **kwargs) if not self.verify_new_vm(vm): raise QubesException("Wrong VM description!") self[vm.qid] = vm # make first created NetVM the default one if self.default_fw_netvm_qid is None and vm.is_netvm(): self.set_default_fw_netvm(vm) if self.default_netvm_qid is None and vm.is_proxyvm(): self.set_default_netvm(vm) # make first created TemplateVM the default one if self.default_template_qid is None and vm.is_template(): self.set_default_template(vm) # make first created ProxyVM the UpdateVM if self.updatevm_qid is None and vm.is_proxyvm(): self.set_updatevm_vm(vm) # by default ClockVM is the first NetVM if self.clockvm_qid is None and vm.is_netvm(): self.set_clockvm_vm(vm) return vm def add_new_appvm(self, name, template, dir_path = None, conf_file = None, private_img = None, label = None): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesAppVm", name=name, template=template, dir_path=dir_path, conf_file=conf_file, private_img=private_img, netvm = self.get_default_netvm(), kernel = self.get_default_kernel(), uses_default_kernel = True, label=label) def add_new_hvm(self, name, label = None): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesHVm", name=name, label=label) def add_new_disposablevm(self, name, template, dispid, label = None, netvm = None): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesDisposableVm", name=name, template=template, netvm = netvm, label=label, dispid=dispid) def add_new_templatevm(self, name, dir_path = None, conf_file = None, root_img = None, private_img = None, installed_by_rpm = True): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesTemplateVm", name=name, dir_path=dir_path, conf_file=conf_file, root_img=root_img, private_img=private_img, installed_by_rpm=installed_by_rpm, netvm = self.get_default_netvm(), kernel = self.get_default_kernel(), uses_default_kernel = True) def add_new_netvm(self, name, template, dir_path = None, conf_file = None, private_img = None, installed_by_rpm = False, label = None): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesNetVm", name=name, template=template, label=label, private_img=private_img, installed_by_rpm=installed_by_rpm, uses_default_kernel = True, dir_path=dir_path, conf_file=conf_file) def add_new_proxyvm(self, name, template, dir_path = None, conf_file = None, private_img = None, installed_by_rpm = False, label = None): warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function, use add_new_vm instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return self.add_new_vm("QubesProxyVm", name=name, template=template, label=label, private_img=private_img, installed_by_rpm=installed_by_rpm, dir_path=dir_path, conf_file=conf_file, uses_default_kernel = True, netvm = self.get_default_fw_netvm()) def set_default_template(self, vm): if vm is None: self.default_template_qid = None else: assert vm.is_template(), "VM {0} is not a TemplateVM!".format(vm.name) self.default_template_qid = vm.qid def get_default_template(self): if self.default_template_qid is None: return None else: return self[self.default_template_qid] def set_default_netvm(self, vm): if vm is None: self.default_netvm_qid = None else: assert vm.is_netvm(), "VM {0} does not provide network!".format(vm.name) self.default_netvm_qid = vm.qid def get_default_netvm(self): if self.default_netvm_qid is None: return None else: return self[self.default_netvm_qid] def set_default_kernel(self, kernel): assert os.path.exists( os.path.join(system_path["qubes_kernels_base_dir"], kernel)), \ "Kerel {0} not installed!".format(kernel) self.default_kernel = kernel def get_default_kernel(self): return self.default_kernel def set_default_fw_netvm(self, vm): if vm is None: self.default_fw_netvm_qid = None else: assert vm.is_netvm(), "VM {0} does not provide network!".format(vm.name) self.default_fw_netvm_qid = vm.qid def get_default_fw_netvm(self): if self.default_fw_netvm_qid is None: return None else: return self[self.default_fw_netvm_qid] def set_updatevm_vm(self, vm): if vm is None: self.updatevm_qid = None else: self.updatevm_qid = vm.qid def get_updatevm_vm(self): if self.updatevm_qid is None: return None else: return self[self.updatevm_qid] def set_clockvm_vm(self, vm): if vm is None: self.clockvm_qid = None else: self.clockvm_qid = vm.qid def get_clockvm_vm(self): if self.clockvm_qid is None: return None else: return self[self.clockvm_qid] def get_vm_by_name(self, name): for vm in self.values(): if (vm.name == name): return vm return None def get_qid_by_name(self, name): vm = self.get_vm_by_name(name) return vm.qid if vm is not None else None def get_vms_based_on(self, template_qid): vms = set([vm for vm in self.values() if (vm.template and vm.template.qid == template_qid)]) return vms def get_vms_connected_to(self, netvm_qid): new_vms = [ netvm_qid ] dependend_vms_qid = [] # Dependency resolving only makes sense on NetVM (or derivative) if not self[netvm_qid].is_netvm(): return set([]) while len(new_vms) > 0: cur_vm = new_vms.pop() for vm in self[cur_vm].connected_vms.values(): if vm.qid not in dependend_vms_qid: dependend_vms_qid.append(vm.qid) if vm.is_netvm(): new_vms.append(vm.qid) vms = [vm for vm in self.values() if vm.qid in dependend_vms_qid] return vms def verify_new_vm(self, new_vm): # Verify that qid is unique for vm in self.values(): if vm.qid == new_vm.qid: print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR: The qid={0} is already used by VM '{1}'!".\ format(vm.qid, vm.name) return False # Verify that name is unique for vm in self.values(): if vm.name == new_vm.name: print >> sys.stderr, \ "ERROR: The name={0} is already used by other VM with qid='{1}'!".\ format(vm.name, vm.qid) return False return True def get_new_unused_qid(self): used_ids = set([vm.qid for vm in self.values()]) for id in range (1, qubes_max_qid): if id not in used_ids: return id raise LookupError ("Cannot find unused qid!") def get_new_unused_netid(self): used_ids = set([vm.netid for vm in self.values() if vm.is_netvm()]) for id in range (1, qubes_max_netid): if id not in used_ids: return id raise LookupError ("Cannot find unused netid!") def check_if_storage_exists(self): try: f = open (self.qubes_store_filename, 'r') except IOError: return False f.close() return True def create_empty_storage(self): self.qubes_store_file = open (self.qubes_store_filename, 'w') self.clear() self.save() def lock_db_for_reading(self): # save() would rename the file over qubes.xml, _then_ release lock, # so we need to ensure that the file for which we've got the lock is # still the right file while True: self.qubes_store_file = open (self.qubes_store_filename, 'r') fcntl.lockf(self.qubes_store_file, fcntl.LOCK_SH) if os.fstat(self.qubes_store_file.fileno()) == os.stat( self.qubes_store_filename): break self.qubes_store_file.close() def lock_db_for_writing(self): # save() would rename the file over qubes.xml, _then_ release lock, # so we need to ensure that the file for which we've got the lock is # still the right file while True: self.qubes_store_file = open (self.qubes_store_filename, 'r+') fcntl.lockf(self.qubes_store_file, fcntl.LOCK_EX) if os.fstat(self.qubes_store_file.fileno()) == os.stat( self.qubes_store_filename): break self.qubes_store_file.close() def unlock_db(self): # intentionally do not call explicit unlock to not unlock the file # before all buffers are flushed self.qubes_store_file.close() def save(self): root = lxml.etree.Element( "QubesVmCollection", default_template=str(self.default_template_qid) \ if self.default_template_qid is not None else "None", default_netvm=str(self.default_netvm_qid) \ if self.default_netvm_qid is not None else "None", default_fw_netvm=str(self.default_fw_netvm_qid) \ if self.default_fw_netvm_qid is not None else "None", updatevm=str(self.updatevm_qid) \ if self.updatevm_qid is not None else "None", clockvm=str(self.clockvm_qid) \ if self.clockvm_qid is not None else "None", default_kernel=str(self.default_kernel) \ if self.default_kernel is not None else "None", ) for vm in self.values(): element = vm.create_xml_element() if element is not None: root.append(element) tree = lxml.etree.ElementTree(root) try: new_store_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix=self.qubes_store_filename, delete=False) # XXX: do not get lock on the new file, as in all use cases # unlock_db() is the next operation after save() tree.write(new_store_file, encoding="UTF-8", pretty_print=True) new_store_file.flush() os.chmod(new_store_file.name, 0660) os.chown(new_store_file.name, -1, grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_gid) os.rename(new_store_file.name, self.qubes_store_filename) self.qubes_store_file.close() self.qubes_store_file = new_store_file except EnvironmentError as err: print("{0}: export error: {1}".format( os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), err)) return False return True def set_netvm_dependency(self, element): kwargs = {} attr_list = ("qid", "uses_default_netvm", "netvm_qid") for attribute in attr_list: kwargs[attribute] = element.get(attribute) vm = self[int(kwargs["qid"])] if "uses_default_netvm" not in kwargs: vm.uses_default_netvm = True else: vm.uses_default_netvm = ( True if kwargs["uses_default_netvm"] == "True" else False) if vm.uses_default_netvm is True: if vm.is_proxyvm(): netvm = self.get_default_fw_netvm() else: netvm = self.get_default_netvm() kwargs.pop("netvm_qid") else: if kwargs["netvm_qid"] == "none" or kwargs["netvm_qid"] is None: netvm = None kwargs.pop("netvm_qid") else: netvm_qid = int(kwargs.pop("netvm_qid")) if netvm_qid not in self: netvm = None else: netvm = self[netvm_qid] # directly set internal attr to not call setters... vm._netvm = netvm if netvm: netvm.connected_vms[vm.qid] = vm def load_globals(self, element): default_template = element.get("default_template") self.default_template_qid = int(default_template) \ if default_template.lower() != "none" else None default_netvm = element.get("default_netvm") if default_netvm is not None: self.default_netvm_qid = int(default_netvm) \ if default_netvm != "None" else None #assert self.default_netvm_qid is not None default_fw_netvm = element.get("default_fw_netvm") if default_fw_netvm is not None: self.default_fw_netvm_qid = int(default_fw_netvm) \ if default_fw_netvm != "None" else None #assert self.default_netvm_qid is not None updatevm = element.get("updatevm") if updatevm is not None: self.updatevm_qid = int(updatevm) \ if updatevm != "None" else None #assert self.default_netvm_qid is not None clockvm = element.get("clockvm") if clockvm is not None: self.clockvm_qid = int(clockvm) \ if clockvm != "None" else None self.default_kernel = element.get("default_kernel") def load(self): self.clear() try: tree = lxml.etree.parse(self.qubes_store_file) except (EnvironmentError, xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError) as err: print("{0}: import error: {1}".format( os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), err)) return False self.load_globals(tree.getroot()) for (vm_class_name, vm_class) in sorted(QubesVmClasses.items(), key=lambda _x: _x[1].load_order): vms_of_class = tree.findall(vm_class_name) # first non-template based, then template based sorted_vms_of_class = sorted(vms_of_class, key= \ lambda x: str(x.get('template_qid')).lower() != "none") for element in sorted_vms_of_class: try: vm = vm_class(xml_element=element, collection=self) self[vm.qid] = vm except (ValueError, LookupError) as err: print("{0}: import error ({1}): {2}".format( os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), vm_class_name, err)) raise return False # After importing all VMs, set netvm references, in the same order for (vm_class_name, vm_class) in sorted(QubesVmClasses.items(), key=lambda _x: _x[1].load_order): for element in tree.findall(vm_class_name): try: self.set_netvm_dependency(element) except (ValueError, LookupError) as err: print("{0}: import error2 ({}): {}".format( os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), vm_class_name, err)) return False # if there was no clockvm entry in qubes.xml, try to determine default: # root of default NetVM chain if tree.getroot().get("clockvm") is None: if self.default_netvm_qid is not None: clockvm = self[self.default_netvm_qid] # Find root of netvm chain while clockvm.netvm is not None: clockvm = clockvm.netvm self.clockvm_qid = clockvm.qid # Disable ntpd in ClockVM - to not conflict with ntpdate (both are # using 123/udp port) if self.clockvm_qid is not None: self[self.clockvm_qid].services['ntpd'] = False # Add dom0 if wasn't present in qubes.xml if not 0 in self.keys(): dom0vm = QubesAdminVm (collection=self) self[dom0vm.qid] = dom0vm return True def pop(self, qid): if self.default_netvm_qid == qid: self.default_netvm_qid = None if self.default_fw_netvm_qid == qid: self.default_fw_netvm_qid = None if self.clockvm_qid == qid: self.clockvm_qid = None if self.updatevm_qid == qid: self.updatevm_qid = None if self.default_template_qid == qid: self.default_template_qid = None return super(QubesVmCollection, self).pop(qid) class QubesDaemonPidfile(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name self.path = "/var/run/qubes/" + name + ".pid" def create_pidfile(self): f = open (self.path, 'w') f.write(str(os.getpid())) f.close() def pidfile_exists(self): return os.path.exists(self.path) def read_pid(self): f = open (self.path) pid = f.read ().strip() f.close() return int(pid) def pidfile_is_stale(self): if not self.pidfile_exists(): return False # check if the pid file is valid... proc_path = "/proc/" + str(self.read_pid()) + "/cmdline" if not os.path.exists (proc_path): print >> sys.stderr, \ "Path {0} doesn't exist, assuming stale pidfile.".\ format(proc_path) return True return False # It's a good pidfile def remove_pidfile(self): os.remove (self.path) def __enter__ (self): # assumes the pidfile doesn't exist -- you should ensure it before opening the context self.create_pidfile() def __exit__ (self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): self.remove_pidfile() return False ### Initialization code # Globally defined lables QubesVmLabels = { "red": QubesVmLabel(1, "0xcc0000", "red" ), "orange": QubesVmLabel(2, "0xf57900", "orange" ), "yellow": QubesVmLabel(3, "0xedd400", "yellow" ), "green": QubesVmLabel(4, "0x73d216", "green" ), "gray": QubesVmLabel(5, "0x555753", "gray" ), "blue": QubesVmLabel(6, "0x3465a4", "blue" ), "purple": QubesVmLabel(7, "0x75507b", "purple" ), "black": QubesVmLabel(8, "0x000000", "black" ), } QubesDispVmLabels = { "red": QubesVmLabel(1, "0xcc0000", "red", dispvm=True), "orange": QubesVmLabel(2, "0xf57900", "orange", dispvm=True), "yellow": QubesVmLabel(3, "0xedd400", "yellow", dispvm=True), "green": QubesVmLabel(4, "0x73d216", "green", dispvm=True), "gray": QubesVmLabel(5, "0x555753", "gray", dispvm=True), "blue": QubesVmLabel(6, "0x3465a4", "blue", dispvm=True), "purple": QubesVmLabel(7, "0x75507b", "purple", dispvm=True), "black": QubesVmLabel(8, "0x000000", "black", dispvm=True), } defaults["appvm_label"] = QubesVmLabels["red"] defaults["template_label"] = QubesVmLabels["black"] defaults["servicevm_label"] = QubesVmLabels["red"] QubesVmClasses = {} modules_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'modules') for module_file in sorted(os.listdir(modules_dir)): if not module_file.endswith(".py") or module_file == "__init__.py": continue __import__('qubes.modules.%s' % module_file[:-3]) try: import qubes.settings qubes.settings.apply(system_path, vm_files, defaults) #except ImportError: finally: pass for path_key in system_path.keys(): system_path[path_key] = system_path[path_key].format( base_dir=system_path['qubes_base_dir'] ) # vim:sw=4:et: