core-admin/qubes/tests/integ/vm_qrexec_gui.py

#
# The Qubes OS Project, https://www.qubes-os.org/
#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2015
#                   Marek Marczykowski-Górecki <marmarek@invisiblethingslab.com>
# Copyright (C) 2015  Wojtek Porczyk <woju@invisiblethingslab.com>
#
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with this library; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

import asyncio
import os
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import unittest

from distutils import spawn

import grp

import qubes.config
import qubes.devices
import qubes.tests
import qubes.vm.appvm
import qubes.vm.templatevm

import numpy as np


class TC_00_AppVMMixin(object):
    def setUp(self):
        super(TC_00_AppVMMixin, self).setUp()
        self.init_default_template(self.template)
        if self._testMethodName == 'test_210_time_sync':
            self.init_networking()
        self.testvm1 = self.app.add_new_vm(
            qubes.vm.appvm.AppVM,
            label='red',
            name=self.make_vm_name('vm1'),
            template=self.app.domains[self.template])
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.create_on_disk())
        self.testvm2 = self.app.add_new_vm(
            qubes.vm.appvm.AppVM,
            label='red',
            name=self.make_vm_name('vm2'),
            template=self.app.domains[self.template])
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm2.create_on_disk())
        if self.template.startswith('whonix-gw'):
            # Whonix Gateway loudly complains if the VM doesn't provide network,
            # which spams the screen with error messages that interfere with
            # other tests
            self.testvm1.provides_network = True
            self.testvm2.provides_network = True
        self.app.save()

    def test_000_start_shutdown(self):
        # TODO: wait_for, timeout
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        self.assertEqual(self.testvm1.get_power_state(), "Running")
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.shutdown(wait=True))
        self.assertEqual(self.testvm1.get_power_state(), "Halted")

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('xdotool'),
                         "xdotool not installed")
    def test_010_run_xterm(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        self.assertEqual(self.testvm1.get_power_state(), "Running")

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))
        p = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run('xterm'))
        try:
            title = 'user@{}'.format(self.testvm1.name)
            if self.template.count("whonix"):
                title = 'user@host'
            self.wait_for_window(title)

            self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.5))
            subprocess.check_call(
                ['xdotool', 'search', '--name', title,
                'windowactivate', 'type', 'exit\n'])

            self.wait_for_window(title, show=False)
        finally:
            try:
                p.terminate()
                self.loop.run_until_complete(p.wait())
            except ProcessLookupError:  # already dead
                pass

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('xdotool'),
                         "xdotool not installed")
    def test_011_run_gnome_terminal(self):
        if "minimal" in self.template:
            self.skipTest("Minimal template doesn't have 'gnome-terminal'")
        if 'whonix' in self.template:
            self.skipTest("Whonix template doesn't have 'gnome-terminal'")
        if 'xfce' in self.template:
            self.skipTest("Xfce template doesn't have 'gnome-terminal'")
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        self.assertEqual(self.testvm1.get_power_state(), "Running")
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))
        p = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run('gnome-terminal'))
        try:
            title = 'user@{}'.format(self.testvm1.name)
            if self.template.count("whonix"):
                title = 'user@host'
            self.wait_for_window(title)

            self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.5))
            subprocess.check_call(
                ['xdotool', 'search', '--name', title,
                'windowactivate', '--sync', 'type', 'exit\n'])

            wait_count = 0
            while subprocess.call(['xdotool', 'search', '--name', title],
                                stdout=open(os.path.devnull, 'w'),
                                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) == 0:
                wait_count += 1
                if wait_count > 100:
                    self.fail("Timeout while waiting for gnome-terminal "
                            "termination")
                self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.1))
        finally:
            try:
                p.terminate()
                self.loop.run_until_complete(p.wait())
            except ProcessLookupError:  # already dead
                pass

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('xdotool'),
                         "xdotool not installed")
    def test_012_qubes_desktop_run(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        self.assertEqual(self.testvm1.get_power_state(), "Running")
        xterm_desktop_path = "/usr/share/applications/xterm.desktop"
        # Debian has it different...
        xterm_desktop_path_debian = \
            "/usr/share/applications/debian-xterm.desktop"
        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'test -r {}'.format(xterm_desktop_path_debian)))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            pass
        else:
            xterm_desktop_path = xterm_desktop_path_debian
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run('qubes-desktop-run {}'.format(xterm_desktop_path)))
        title = 'user@{}'.format(self.testvm1.name)
        if self.template.count("whonix"):
            title = 'user@host'
        self.wait_for_window(title)

        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.5))
        subprocess.check_call(
            ['xdotool', 'search', '--name', title,
             'windowactivate', '--sync', 'type', 'exit\n'])

        self.wait_for_window(title, show=False)

    def test_100_qrexec_filecopy(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd'))
        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2):
            try:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                        'qvm-copy-to-vm {} /tmp/passwd'.format(
                            self.testvm2.name)))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                self.fail('qvm-copy-to-vm failed: {}'.format(e.stderr))

        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm2.run_for_stdio(
                'diff /etc/passwd /home/user/QubesIncoming/{}/passwd'.format(
                    self.testvm1.name)))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.fail('file differs')

        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'test -f /tmp/passwd'))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.fail('source file got removed')

    def test_105_qrexec_filemove(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd'))
        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2):
            try:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                        'qvm-move-to-vm {} /tmp/passwd'.format(
                            self.testvm2.name)))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                self.fail('qvm-move-to-vm failed: {}'.format(e.stderr))

        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm2.run_for_stdio(
                'diff /etc/passwd /home/user/QubesIncoming/{}/passwd'.format(
                    self.testvm1.name)))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.fail('file differs')

        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'test -f /tmp/passwd'))

    def test_101_qrexec_filecopy_with_autostart(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())

        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2):
            try:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                        'qvm-copy-to-vm {} /etc/passwd'.format(
                            self.testvm2.name)))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                self.fail('qvm-copy-to-vm failed: {}'.format(e.stderr))

        # workaround for libvirt bug (domain ID isn't updated when is started
        #  from other application) - details in
        # QubesOS/qubes-core-libvirt@63ede4dfb4485c4161dd6a2cc809e8fb45ca664f
        # XXX is it still true with qubesd? --woju 20170523
        self.testvm2._libvirt_domain = None
        self.assertTrue(self.testvm2.is_running())

        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm2.run_for_stdio(
                'diff /etc/passwd /home/user/QubesIncoming/{}/passwd'.format(
                    self.testvm1.name)))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.fail('file differs')

        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'test -f /etc/passwd'))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.fail('source file got removed')

    def test_110_qrexec_filecopy_deny(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))

        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2,
                allow=False):
            with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                        'qvm-copy-to-vm {} /etc/passwd'.format(
                            self.testvm2.name)))

        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
            self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'test -d /home/user/QubesIncoming/{}'.format(
                    self.testvm1.name)))

    def test_115_qrexec_filecopy_no_agent(self):
        # The operation should not hang when qrexec-agent is down on target
        # machine, see QubesOS/qubes-issues#5347.

        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))

        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2):
            try:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm2.run_for_stdio(
                        'systemctl stop qubes-qrexec-agent.service', user='root'))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                # A failure is normal here, because we're killing the qrexec
                # process that is handling the command.
                pass

            with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError):
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    asyncio.wait_for(
                        self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                            'qvm-copy-to-vm {} /etc/passwd'.format(
                                self.testvm2.name)),
                        timeout=30))

    @unittest.skip("Xen gntalloc driver crashes when page is mapped in the "
                   "same domain")
    def test_120_qrexec_filecopy_self(self):
        self.testvm1.start()
        self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1.name,
            self.testvm1.name)
        p = self.testvm1.run("qvm-copy-to-vm %s /etc/passwd" %
                             self.testvm1.name, passio_popen=True,
                             passio_stderr=True)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0, "qvm-copy-to-vm failed: %s" %
                         p.stderr.read())
        retcode = self.testvm1.run(
            "diff /etc/passwd /home/user/QubesIncoming/{}/passwd".format(
                self.testvm1.name),
            wait=True)
        self.assertEqual(retcode, 0, "file differs")

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('xdotool'),
                         "xdotool not installed")
    def test_130_qrexec_filemove_disk_full(self):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))

        # Prepare test file
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'yes teststring | dd of=/tmp/testfile bs=1M count=50 '
            'iflag=fullblock'))

        # Prepare target directory with limited size
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm2.run_for_stdio(
            'mkdir -p /home/user/QubesIncoming && '
            'chown user /home/user/QubesIncoming && '
            'mount -t tmpfs none /home/user/QubesIncoming -o size=48M',
            user='root'))

        with self.qrexec_policy('qubes.Filecopy', self.testvm1, self.testvm2):
            p = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run(
                'qvm-move-to-vm {} /tmp/testfile'.format(
                    self.testvm2.name)))

            # Close GUI error message
            try:
                self.enter_keys_in_window('Error', ['Return'])
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                pass
            self.loop.run_until_complete(p.wait())
            self.assertNotEqual(p.returncode, 0)

        # the file shouldn't be removed in source vm
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'test -f /tmp/testfile'))

    def test_200_timezone(self):
        """Test whether timezone setting is properly propagated to the VM"""
        if "whonix" in self.template:
            self.skipTest("Timezone propagation disabled on Whonix templates")

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        vm_tz, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'date +%Z'))
        dom0_tz = subprocess.check_output(['date', '+%Z'])
        self.assertEqual(vm_tz.strip(), dom0_tz.strip())

        # Check if reverting back to UTC works
        vm_tz, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'TZ=UTC date +%Z'))
        self.assertEqual(vm_tz.strip(), b'UTC')

    def test_210_time_sync(self):
        """Test time synchronization mechanism"""
        if self.template.startswith('whonix-'):
            self.skipTest('qvm-sync-clock disabled for Whonix VMs')
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(
            self.testvm1.start(),
            self.testvm2.start()))
        start_time = subprocess.check_output(['date', '-u', '+%s'])

        try:
            self.app.clockvm = self.testvm1
            self.app.save()
            # break vm and dom0 time, to check if qvm-sync-clock would fix it
            subprocess.check_call(['sudo', 'date', '-s', '2001-01-01T12:34:56'],
                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
            self.loop.run_until_complete(
                self.testvm2.run_for_stdio('date -s 2001-01-01T12:34:56',
                    user='root'))

            self.loop.run_until_complete(
                self.testvm2.run_for_stdio('qvm-sync-clock',
                    user='root'))

            p = self.loop.run_until_complete(
                asyncio.create_subprocess_exec('sudo', 'qvm-sync-clock',
                    stdout=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL))
            self.loop.run_until_complete(p.wait())
            self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)
            vm_time, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
                self.testvm2.run_for_stdio('date -u +%s'))
            # get current time
            current_time, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
                self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('date -u +%s'))
            self.assertAlmostEquals(int(vm_time), int(current_time), delta=30)

            dom0_time = subprocess.check_output(['date', '-u', '+%s'])
            self.assertAlmostEquals(int(dom0_time), int(current_time), delta=30)

        except:
            # reset time to some approximation of the real time
            subprocess.Popen(
                ["sudo", "date", "-u", "-s", "@" + start_time.decode()])
            raise
        finally:
            self.app.clockvm = None

    def wait_for_pulseaudio_startup(self, vm):
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1))
        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(vm.run_for_stdio(
                "timeout 30s sh -c 'while ! pactl info; do sleep 1; done'"
            ))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            self.fail('Timeout waiting for pulseaudio start in {}: {}{}'.format(
                vm.name, e.stdout, e.stderr))
        # then wait for the stream to appear in dom0
        local_user = grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_mem[0]
        p = self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
            "sudo -E -u {} timeout 60s sh -c '"
            "while ! pactl list sink-inputs | grep -q :{}; do sleep 1; done'"
            .format(local_user, vm.name)))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(p.wait())
        # and some more...
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(1))

    def prepare_audio_vm(self):
        if 'whonix-gw' in self.template:
            self.skipTest('whonix-gw have no audio')
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        try:
            self.loop.run_until_complete(
                self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('which parecord'))
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            self.skipTest('pulseaudio-utils not installed in VM')
        self.wait_for_pulseaudio_startup(self.testvm1)

    def check_audio_sample(self, sample, sfreq):
        rec = np.fromstring(sample, dtype=np.float32)
        # determine sample size using silence threshold
        threshold = 10**-3
        rec_size = np.count_nonzero((rec > threshold) | (rec < -threshold))
        if not rec_size:
            self.fail('only silence detected, no useful audio data')
        # find zero crossings
        crossings = np.nonzero((rec[1:] > threshold) &
                            (rec[:-1] < -threshold))[0]
        np.seterr('raise')
        # compare against sine wave frequency
        rec_freq = 44100/np.mean(np.diff(crossings))
        if not sfreq*0.8 < rec_freq < sfreq*1.2:
            self.fail('frequency {} not in specified range'
                    .format(rec_freq))

    def common_audio_playback(self):
        # sine frequency
        sfreq = 4400
        # generate signal
        audio_in = np.sin(2*np.pi*np.arange(44100)*sfreq/44100)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('cat > audio_in.raw',
            input=audio_in.astype(np.float32).tobytes()))
        local_user = grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_mem[0]
        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as recorded_audio:
            os.chmod(recorded_audio.name, 0o666)
            # FIXME: -d 0 assumes only one audio device
            p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo', '-E', '-u', local_user,
                'parecord', '-d', '0', '--raw',
                '--format=float32le', '--rate=44100', '--channels=1',
                recorded_audio.name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            try:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                    'paplay --format=float32le --rate=44100 \
                            --channels=1 --raw audio_in.raw'))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
                self.fail('{} stderr: {}'.format(str(err), err.stderr))
            # wait for possible parecord buffering
            self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(1))
            p.terminate()
            # for some reason sudo do not relay SIGTERM sent above
            subprocess.check_call(['pkill', 'parecord'])
            p.wait()
            self.check_audio_sample(recorded_audio.file.read(), sfreq)

    def _configure_audio_recording(self, vm):
        '''Connect VM's output-source to sink monitor instead of mic'''
        local_user = grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_mem[0]
        sudo = ['sudo', '-E', '-u', local_user]
        source_outputs = subprocess.check_output(
            sudo + ['pacmd', 'list-source-outputs']).decode()

        last_index = None
        found = False
        for line in source_outputs.splitlines():
            if line.startswith('    index: '):
                last_index = line.split(':')[1].strip()
            elif line.startswith('\t\tapplication.name = '):
                app_name = line.split('=')[1].strip('" ')
                if vm.name == app_name:
                    found = True
                    break
        if not found:
            self.fail('source-output for VM {} not found'.format(vm.name))

        subprocess.check_call(sudo +
            ['pacmd', 'move-source-output', last_index, '0'])

    def common_audio_record_muted(self):
        # connect VM's recording source output monitor (instead of mic)
        self._configure_audio_recording(self.testvm1)

        # generate some "audio" data
        audio_in = b'\x20' * 44100
        local_user = grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_mem[0]
        record = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run('parecord --raw audio_rec.raw'))
        # give it time to start recording
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.5))
        p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo', '-E', '-u', local_user,
            'paplay', '--raw'],
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate(audio_in)
        # wait for possible parecord buffering
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(1))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pkill parecord'))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(record.wait())
        recorded_audio, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('cat audio_rec.raw'))
        # should be empty or silence, so check just a little fragment
        if audio_in[:32] in recorded_audio:
            self.fail('VM recorded something, even though mic disabled')

    def common_audio_record_unmuted(self):
        deva = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.app.domains[0], 'mic')
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.devices['mic'].attach(deva))
        # connect VM's recording source output monitor (instead of mic)
        self._configure_audio_recording(self.testvm1)
        sfreq = 4400
        audio_in = np.sin(2*np.pi*np.arange(44100)*sfreq/44100)
        local_user = grp.getgrnam('qubes').gr_mem[0]
        record = self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.run(
                'parecord --raw --format=float32le --rate=44100 \
                            --channels=1 audio_rec.raw'))
        # give it time to start recording
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(0.5))
        p = subprocess.Popen(['sudo', '-E', '-u', local_user,
            'paplay', '--raw', '--format=float32le',
                    '--rate=44100', '--channels=1'],
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate(audio_in.astype(np.float32).tobytes())
        # wait for possible parecord buffering
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(1))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pkill parecord || :'))
        _, record_stderr = self.loop.run_until_complete(record.communicate())
        if record_stderr:
            self.fail('parecord printed something on stderr: {}'.format(
                record_stderr))

        recorded_audio, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('cat audio_rec.raw'))
        self.check_audio_sample(recorded_audio, sfreq)

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_220_audio_play(self):
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.common_audio_playback()

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_221_audio_rec_muted(self):
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.common_audio_record_muted()

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_222_audio_rec_unmuted(self):
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.common_audio_record_unmuted()

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_223_audio_play_hvm(self):
        self.testvm1.virt_mode = 'hvm'
        self.testvm1.features['audio-model'] = 'ich6'
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pacmd unload-module module-vchan-sink'))
        self.common_audio_playback()

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_224_audio_rec_muted_hvm(self):
        self.testvm1.virt_mode = 'hvm'
        self.testvm1.features['audio-model'] = 'ich6'
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pacmd unload-module module-vchan-sink'))
        self.common_audio_record_muted()

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('parecord'),
                         "pulseaudio-utils not installed in dom0")
    def test_225_audio_rec_unmuted_hvm(self):
        self.testvm1.virt_mode = 'hvm'
        self.testvm1.features['audio-model'] = 'ich6'
        self.prepare_audio_vm()
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pacmd set-sink-volume 1 0x10000'))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('pacmd unload-module module-vchan-sink'))
        self.common_audio_record_unmuted()

    def test_250_resize_private_img(self):
        """
        Test private.img resize, both offline and online
        :return:
        """
        # First offline test
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.storage.resize('private', 4*1024**3))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.testvm1.start())
        df_cmd = '( df --output=size /rw || df /rw | awk \'{print $2}\' )|' \
                 'tail -n 1'
        # new_size in 1k-blocks
        new_size, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(df_cmd))
        # some safety margin for FS metadata
        self.assertGreater(int(new_size.strip()), 3.8*1024**2)
        # Then online test
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.storage.resize('private', 6*1024**3))
        # new_size in 1k-blocks
        new_size, _ = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(df_cmd))
        # some safety margin for FS metadata
        self.assertGreater(int(new_size.strip()), 5.7*1024**2)

    @unittest.skipUnless(spawn.find_executable('xdotool'),
                         "xdotool not installed")
    def test_300_bug_1028_gui_memory_pinning(self):
        """
        If VM window composition buffers are relocated in memory, GUI will
        still use old pointers and will display old pages
        :return:
        """

        # this test does too much asynchronous operations,
        # so let's rewrite it as a coroutine and call it as such
        return self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self._test_300_bug_1028_gui_memory_pinning())

    @asyncio.coroutine
    def _test_300_bug_1028_gui_memory_pinning(self):
        self.testvm1.memory = 800
        self.testvm1.maxmem = 800

        # exclude from memory balancing
        self.testvm1.features['service.meminfo-writer'] = False
        yield from self.testvm1.start()
        yield from self.wait_for_session(self.testvm1)

        # and allow large map count
        yield from self.testvm1.run('echo 256000 > /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count',
            user="root")

        allocator_c = '''
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int total_pages;
    char *addr, *iter;

    total_pages = atoi(argv[1]);
    addr = mmap(NULL, total_pages * 0x1000, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
        MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_POPULATE, -1, 0);
    if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
        perror("mmap");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("Stage1\\n");
    fflush(stdout);
    getchar();
    for (iter = addr; iter < addr + total_pages*0x1000; iter += 0x2000) {
        if (mlock(iter, 0x1000) == -1) {
            perror("mlock");
            fprintf(stderr, "%d of %d\\n", (iter-addr)/0x1000, total_pages);
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    printf("Stage2\\n");
    fflush(stdout);
    for (iter = addr+0x1000; iter < addr + total_pages*0x1000; iter += 0x2000) {
        if (munmap(iter, 0x1000) == -1) {
            perror(\"munmap\");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    printf("Stage3\\n");
    fflush(stdout);
    fclose(stdout);
    getchar();

    return 0;
}
'''

        yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio('cat > allocator.c',
            input=allocator_c.encode())

        try:
            yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
                'gcc allocator.c -o allocator')
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            self.skipTest('allocator compile failed: {}'.format(e.stderr))

        # drop caches to have even more memory pressure
        yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches', user='root')

        # now fragment all free memory
        stdout, _ = yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            "grep ^MemFree: /proc/meminfo|awk '{print $2}'")
        memory_pages = int(stdout) // 4  # 4k pages

        alloc1 = yield from self.testvm1.run(
            'ulimit -l unlimited; exec /home/user/allocator {}'.format(
                memory_pages),
            user="root",
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

        # wait for memory being allocated; can't use just .read(), because EOF
        # passing is unreliable while the process is still running
        alloc1.stdin.write(b'\n')
        yield from alloc1.stdin.drain()
        try:
            alloc_out = yield from alloc1.stdout.readexactly(
                len('Stage1\nStage2\nStage3\n'))
        except asyncio.IncompleteReadError as e:
            alloc_out = e.partial

        if b'Stage3' not in alloc_out:
            # read stderr only in case of failed assert (), but still have nice
            # failure message (don't use self.fail() directly)
            #
            # stderr isn't always read, because on not-failed run, the process
            # is still running, so stderr.read() will wait (indefinitely).
            self.assertIn(b'Stage3', alloc_out,
                (yield from alloc1.stderr.read()))

        # now, launch some window - it should get fragmented composition buffer
        # it is important to have some changing content there, to generate
        # content update events (aka damage notify)
        proc = yield from self.testvm1.run(
            'xterm -maximized -e top')

        if proc.returncode is not None:
            self.fail('xterm failed to start')
        # get window ID
        winid = yield from self.wait_for_window_coro(
            self.testvm1.name + ':xterm',
            search_class=True)
        xprop = yield from asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(None,
            subprocess.check_output,
            ['xprop', '-notype', '-id', winid, '_QUBES_VMWINDOWID'])
        vm_winid = xprop.decode().strip().split(' ')[4]

        # now free the fragmented memory and trigger compaction
        alloc1.stdin.write(b'\n')
        yield from alloc1.stdin.drain()
        yield from alloc1.wait()
        yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory', user='root')

        # now window may be already "broken"; to be sure, allocate (=zero)
        # some memory
        alloc2 = yield from self.testvm1.run(
            'ulimit -l unlimited; /home/user/allocator {}'.format(memory_pages),
            user='root', stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        yield from alloc2.stdout.read(len('Stage1\n'))

        # wait for damage notify - top updates every 3 sec by default
        yield from asyncio.sleep(6)

        # stop changing the window content
        subprocess.check_call(['xdotool', 'key', '--window', winid, 'd'])

        # now take screenshot of the window, from dom0 and VM
        # choose pnm format, as it doesn't have any useless metadata - easy
        # to compare
        vm_image, _ = yield from self.testvm1.run_for_stdio(
            'import -window {} pnm:-'.format(vm_winid))

        dom0_image = yield from asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(None,
            subprocess.check_output, ['import', '-window', winid, 'pnm:-'])

        if vm_image != dom0_image:
            self.fail("Dom0 window doesn't match VM window content")

class TC_10_Generic(qubes.tests.SystemTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super(TC_10_Generic, self).setUp()
        self.init_default_template()
        self.vm = self.app.add_new_vm(
            qubes.vm.appvm.AppVM,
            name=self.make_vm_name('vm'),
            label='red',
            template=self.app.default_template)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.vm.create_on_disk())
        self.app.save()
        self.vm = self.app.domains[self.vm.qid]

    def test_000_anyvm_deny_dom0(self):
        '''$anyvm in policy should not match dom0'''
        policy = open("/etc/qubes-rpc/policy/test.AnyvmDeny", "w")
        policy.write("%s $anyvm allow" % (self.vm.name,))
        policy.close()
        self.addCleanup(os.unlink, "/etc/qubes-rpc/policy/test.AnyvmDeny")

        flagfile = '/tmp/test-anyvmdeny-flag'
        if os.path.exists(flagfile):
            os.remove(flagfile)

        self.create_local_file('/etc/qubes-rpc/test.AnyvmDeny',
            'touch {}\necho service output\n'.format(flagfile))

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.vm.start())
        with self.qrexec_policy('test.AnyvmDeny', self.vm, '$anyvm'):
            with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError,
                    msg='$anyvm matched dom0') as e:
                self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    self.vm.run_for_stdio(
                        '/usr/lib/qubes/qrexec-client-vm dom0 test.AnyvmDeny'))
            stdout = e.exception.output
            stderr = e.exception.stderr
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(flagfile),
            'Flag file created (service was run) even though should be denied,'
            ' qrexec-client-vm output: {} {}'.format(stdout, stderr))

def create_testcases_for_templates():
    return qubes.tests.create_testcases_for_templates('TC_00_AppVM',
        TC_00_AppVMMixin, qubes.tests.SystemTestCase,
        module=sys.modules[__name__])

def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
    tests.addTests(loader.loadTestsFromNames(
        create_testcases_for_templates()))
    return tests

qubes.tests.maybe_create_testcases_on_import(create_testcases_for_templates)