core-admin/qubes/tests/api_admin.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#
# The Qubes OS Project, http://www.qubes-os.org
#
# Copyright (C) 2017 Marek Marczykowski-Górecki
#                               <marmarek@invisiblethingslab.com>
#
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with this library; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

''' Tests for management calls endpoints '''

import asyncio
import operator
import os
import shutil
import tempfile
import unittest.mock

import libvirt
import copy

import qubes
import qubes.devices
import qubes.firewall
import qubes.api.admin
import qubes.api.internal
import qubes.tests
import qubes.storage

# properties defined in API
volume_properties = [
    'pool', 'vid', 'size', 'usage', 'rw', 'source', 'path',
    'save_on_stop', 'snap_on_start', 'revisions_to_keep']


class AdminAPITestCase(qubes.tests.QubesTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.test_base_dir = '/tmp/qubes-test-dir'
        self.base_dir_patch = unittest.mock.patch.dict(qubes.config.system_path,
            {'qubes_base_dir': self.test_base_dir})
        self.base_dir_patch2 = unittest.mock.patch(
            'qubes.config.qubes_base_dir', self.test_base_dir)
        self.base_dir_patch3 = unittest.mock.patch.dict(
            qubes.config.defaults['pool_configs']['varlibqubes'],
            {'dir_path': self.test_base_dir})
        self.base_dir_patch.start()
        self.base_dir_patch2.start()
        self.base_dir_patch3.start()
        app = qubes.Qubes('/tmp/qubes-test.xml', load=False)
        app.vmm = unittest.mock.Mock(spec=qubes.app.VMMConnection)
        app.load_initial_values()
        self.loop.run_until_complete(app.setup_pools())
        app.default_kernel = '1.0'
        app.default_netvm = None
        self.template = app.add_new_vm('TemplateVM', label='black',
            name='test-template')
        app.default_template = 'test-template'
        with qubes.tests.substitute_entry_points('qubes.storage',
                'qubes.tests.storage'):
            self.loop.run_until_complete(
                app.add_pool('test', driver='test'))
        app.default_pool = 'varlibqubes'
        app.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.vm = app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red', name='test-vm1',
            template='test-template')
        self.app = app
        libvirt_attrs = {
            'libvirt_conn.lookupByUUID.return_value.isActive.return_value':
                False,
            'libvirt_conn.lookupByUUID.return_value.state.return_value':
                [libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_SHUTOFF],
        }
        app.vmm.configure_mock(**libvirt_attrs)

        self.emitter = qubes.tests.TestEmitter()
        self.app.domains[0].fire_event = self.emitter.fire_event

    def tearDown(self):
        self.base_dir_patch3.stop()
        self.base_dir_patch2.stop()
        self.base_dir_patch.stop()
        if os.path.exists(self.test_base_dir):
            shutil.rmtree(self.test_base_dir)
        try:
            del self.netvm
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        del self.vm
        del self.template
        self.app.close()
        del self.app
        del self.emitter
        super(AdminAPITestCase, self).tearDown()

    def call_mgmt_func(self, method, dest, arg=b'', payload=b''):
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.admin.QubesAdminAPI(self.app, b'dom0', method, dest, arg)

        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        response = loop.run_until_complete(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=payload))
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter,
            'admin-permission:' + method.decode('ascii'))
        return response

    def call_internal_mgmt_func(self, method, dest, arg=b'', payload=b''):
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.internal.QubesInternalAPI(self.app, b'dom0', method, dest, arg)
        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        response = loop.run_until_complete(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=payload))
        return response


class TC_00_VMs(AdminAPITestCase):
    def test_000_vm_list(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.List', b'dom0')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'dom0 class=AdminVM state=Running\n'
            'test-template class=TemplateVM state=Halted\n'
            'test-vm1 class=AppVM state=Halted\n')

    def test_001_vm_list_single(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.List', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1 class=AppVM state=Halted\n')

    def test_010_vm_property_list(self):
        # this test is kind of stupid, but at least check if appropriate
        # admin-permission event is fired
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.List', b'test-vm1')
        properties = self.app.domains['test-vm1'].property_list()
        self.assertEqual(value,
            ''.join('{}\n'.format(prop.__name__) for prop in properties))

    def test_020_vm_property_get_str(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'name')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=False type=str test-vm1')

    def test_021_vm_property_get_int(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'vcpus')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=True type=int 2')

    def test_022_vm_property_get_bool(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'provides_network')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=True type=bool False')

    def test_023_vm_property_get_label(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'label')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=False type=label red')

    def test_024_vm_property_get_vm(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'template')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=False type=vm test-template')

    def test_025_vm_property_get_vm_none(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'netvm')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=True type=vm ')

    def test_025_vm_property_get_default_vm_none(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(
            b'admin.vm.property.GetDefault',
            b'test-vm1',
            b'template')
        self.assertEqual(value, None)

    def test_026_vm_property_get_default_bool(self):
        self.vm.provides_network = True
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(
            b'admin.vm.property.GetDefault',
            b'test-vm1',
            b'provides_network')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'type=bool False')

    def test_027_vm_property_get_all(self):
        # any string property, test \n encoding
        self.vm.kernelopts = 'opt1\nopt2\nopt3\\opt4'
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(self.vm, 'property_list') as list_mock:
            list_mock.return_value = [
                self.vm.property_get_def('name'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('default_user'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('netvm'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('klass'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('debug'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('label'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('kernelopts'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('qrexec_timeout'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('qid'),
                self.vm.property_get_def('updateable'),
            ]
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.GetAll', b'test-vm1')
        self.maxDiff = None
        expected = '''debug default=True type=bool False
default_user default=True type=str user
klass default=True type=str AppVM
label default=False type=label red
name default=False type=str test-vm1
qid default=False type=int 2
qrexec_timeout default=True type=int 60
updateable default=True type=bool False
kernelopts default=False type=str opt1\\nopt2\\nopt3\\\\opt4
netvm default=True type=vm \n'''
        self.assertEqual(value, expected)

    def test_030_vm_property_set_vm(self):
        netvm = self.app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red', name='test-net',
            template='test-template', provides_network=True)

        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.vm.VMProperty.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'netvm', b'test-net')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'test-net')
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_031_vm_property_set_vm_none(self):
        netvm = self.app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red', name='test-net',
            template='test-template', provides_network=True)

        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.vm.VMProperty.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'netvm', b'')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, '')
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_032_vm_property_set_vm_invalid1(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.vm.VMProperty.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'netvm', b'forbidden-chars/../!')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_033_vm_property_set_vm_invalid2(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.vm.VMProperty.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'netvm', b'\x80\x90\xa0')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_034_vm_propert_set_bool_true(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'autostart', b'True')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, True)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_035_vm_propert_set_bool_false(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'autostart', b'False')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, False)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_036_vm_propert_set_bool_invalid1(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'autostart', b'some string')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_037_vm_propert_set_bool_invalid2(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'autostart', b'\x80\x90@#$%^&*(')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_038_vm_propert_set_str(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'kernel', b'1.0')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, '1.0')
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_039_vm_propert_set_str_invalid1(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'kernel', b'some, non-ASCII: \x80\xd2')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_040_vm_propert_set_int(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'maxmem', b'1024000')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 1024000)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_041_vm_propert_set_int_invalid1(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'maxmem', b'fourty two')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_042_vm_propert_set_label(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                b'label', b'green')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'green')
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_043_vm_propert_set_label_invalid1(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'maxmem', b'some, non-ASCII: \x80\xd2')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.skip('label existence not checked before actual setter yet')
    def test_044_vm_propert_set_label_invalid2(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Set', b'test-vm1',
                    b'maxmem', b'non-existing-color')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_050_vm_property_help(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Help', b'test-vm1',
            b'label')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'Colourful label assigned to VM. This is where the colour of the '
            'padlock is set.')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_052_vm_property_help_invalid_property(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesNoSuchPropertyError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Help', b'test-vm1',
                b'no-such-property')

        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_060_vm_property_reset(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__delete__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Reset', b'test-vm1',
                b'default_user')
            mock.assert_called_with(self.vm)
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_062_vm_property_reset_invalid_property(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__delete__') as mock:
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesNoSuchPropertyError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.property.Help', b'test-vm1',
                    b'no-such-property')
            self.assertFalse(mock.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_070_vm_volume_list(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.Mock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.List', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'root\nprivate\nvolatile\nkernel\n')
        # check if _only_ keys were accessed
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])

    def test_080_vm_volume_info(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        for prop in volume_properties:
            volumes_conf[
                '__getitem__.return_value.{}'.format(prop)] = prop + '-value'
        volumes_conf[
            '__getitem__.return_value.is_outdated.return_value'] = False
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Info', b'test-vm1',
            b'private')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            ''.join('{p}={p}-value\n'.format(p=p) for p in volume_properties) +
            'is_outdated=False\n')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
             unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')('private'),
             unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')().is_outdated()])

    def test_081_vm_volume_info_unsupported_is_outdated(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        for prop in volume_properties:
            volumes_conf[
                '__getitem__.return_value.{}'.format(prop)] = prop + '-value'
        volumes_conf[
            '__getitem__.return_value.is_outdated.side_effect'] = \
            NotImplementedError
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Info', b'test-vm1',
            b'private')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            ''.join('{p}={p}-value\n'.format(p=p) for p in volume_properties))
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
             unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')('private'),
             unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')().is_outdated()])

    def test_080_vm_volume_info_invalid_volume(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Info', b'test-vm1',
                b'no-such-volume')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])

    def test_090_vm_volume_listsnapshots(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
            '__getitem__.return_value.revisions':
            {'rev2': '2018-02-22T22:22:22', 'rev1': '2018-01-11T11:11:11'},
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.ListSnapshots',
            b'test-vm1', b'private')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'rev1\nrev2\n')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
            unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')('private')])

    def test_090_vm_volume_listsnapshots_invalid_volume(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.ListSnapshots', b'test-vm1',
                b'no-such-volume')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])

    @unittest.skip('method not implemented yet')
    def test_100_vm_volume_snapshot(self):
        pass

    @unittest.skip('method not implemented yet')
    def test_100_vm_volume_snapshot_invalid_volume(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
            '__getitem__.return_value.revisions':
            {'rev2': '2018-02-22T22:22:22', 'rev1': '2018-01-11T11:11:11'},
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Snapshots',
                b'test-vm1', b'no-such-volume')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])

    @unittest.skip('method not implemented yet')
    def test_100_vm_volume_snapshot_invalid_revision(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel']
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Snapshots',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'no-such-rev')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
            unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')('private')])

    def test_110_vm_volume_revert(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
            '__getitem__.return_value.revisions':
            {'rev2': '2018-02-22T22:22:22', 'rev1': '2018-01-11T11:11:11'},
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        del self.vm.volumes['private'].revert('rev1')._is_coroutine
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Revert',
            b'test-vm1', b'private', b'rev1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls, [
            ('__getitem__', ('private', ), {}),
            ('__getitem__().revert', ('rev1', ), {}),
            ('keys', (), {}),
            ('__getitem__', ('private', ), {}),
            ('__getitem__().__hash__', (), {}),
            ('__getitem__().revert', ('rev1', ), {}),
            ])
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.storage.mock_calls, [])

    def test_110_vm_volume_revert_invalid_rev(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
            '__getitem__.return_value.revisions':
            {'rev2': '2018-02-22T22:22:22', 'rev1': '2018-01-11T11:11:11'},
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Revert',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'no-such-rev')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
                unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__getitem__')('private')])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.storage.called)

    def test_120_vm_volume_resize(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.vm.storage.resize.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Resize',
            b'test-vm1', b'private', b'1024000000')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.storage.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.resize('private', 1024000000)])

    def test_120_vm_volume_resize_invalid_size1(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.vm.storage.resize.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Resize',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'no-int-size')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.storage.called)

    def test_120_vm_volume_resize_invalid_size2(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.vm.storage.resize.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Resize',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'-1')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys()])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.storage.called)

    def test_130_pool_list(self):
        self.app.pools = ['file', 'lvm']
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.List', b'dom0')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'file\nlvm\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_140_pool_listdrivers(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = ['file', 'lvm']

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.ListDrivers', b'dom0')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'driver1 param1 param2\ndriver2 param3 param4\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('driver1'), unittest.mock.call('driver2')])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_150_pool_info(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'pool1': unittest.mock.Mock(config={
                'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'},
                usage=102400,
                size=204800)
        }
        self.app.pools['pool1'].included_in.return_value = None
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Info', b'dom0', b'pool1')

        self.assertEqual(value,
            'param1=value1\nparam2=value2\nsize=204800\nusage=102400\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_151_pool_info_unsupported_size(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'pool1': unittest.mock.Mock(config={
                'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'},
                size=None, usage=None, usage_details={}),
        }
        self.app.pools['pool1'].included_in.return_value = None
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Info', b'dom0', b'pool1')

        self.assertEqual(value,
            'param1=value1\nparam2=value2\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_152_pool_info_included_in(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'pool1': unittest.mock.MagicMock(config={
                'param1': 'value1',
                'param2': 'value2'},
                usage=102400,
                size=204800)
        }
        self.app.pools['pool1'].included_in.return_value = \
            self.app.pools['pool1']
        self.app.pools['pool1'].__str__.return_value = 'pool1'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Info', b'dom0', b'pool1')

        self.assertEqual(value,
            'param1=value1\nparam2=value2\nsize=204800\nusage=102400'
            '\nincluded_in=pool1\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_153_pool_usage(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'pool1': unittest.mock.Mock(config={
                'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'},
                usage_details={
                    'data_usage': 102400,
                    'data_size': 204800,
                    'metadata_size': 1024,
                    'metadata_usage': 50})
        }
        self.app.pools['pool1'].included_in.return_value = None
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.UsageDetails', b'dom0', b'pool1')

        self.assertEqual(value,
                         'data_size=204800\ndata_usage=102400\nmetadata_size=1024\nmetadata_usage=50\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0', b'driver1',
            b'name=test-pool\nparam1=some-value\n')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('driver1')])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(name='test-pool', driver='driver1',
                param1='some-value')])
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add_invalid_driver(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0',
                b'no-such-driver', b'name=test-pool\nparam1=some-value\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)


    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add_invalid_param(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0',
                b'driver1', b'name=test-pool\nparam3=some-value\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('driver1')])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add_missing_name(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0',
                b'driver1', b'param1=value\nparam2=some-value\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add_existing_pool(self, mock_parameters, mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0',
                b'driver1', b'name=file\nparam1=value\nparam2=some-value\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.pool_drivers')
    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.driver_parameters')
    def test_160_pool_add_invalid_config_format(self, mock_parameters,
            mock_drivers):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock()
        }

        mock_drivers.return_value = ['driver1', 'driver2']
        mock_parameters.side_effect = \
            lambda driver: {
                'driver1': ['param1', 'param2'],
                'driver2': ['param3', 'param4']
            }[driver]

        add_pool_mock, self.app.add_pool = self.coroutine_mock()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Add', b'dom0',
                b'driver1', b'name=test-pool\nparam 1=value\n_param2\n')
        self.assertEqual(mock_drivers.mock_calls, [unittest.mock.call()])
        self.assertEqual(mock_parameters.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(add_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_170_pool_remove(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'test-pool': unittest.mock.Mock(),
        }
        remove_pool_mock, self.app.remove_pool = self.coroutine_mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Remove', b'dom0', b'test-pool')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(remove_pool_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('test-pool')])
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_170_pool_remove_invalid_pool(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'file': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'lvm': unittest.mock.Mock(),
            'test-pool': unittest.mock.Mock(),
        }
        remove_pool_mock, self.app.remove_pool = self.coroutine_mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Remove', b'dom0',
                b'no-such-pool')
        self.assertEqual(remove_pool_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_180_label_list(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.List', b'dom0')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            ''.join('{}\n'.format(l.name) for l in self.app.labels.values()))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_190_label_get(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.get_label.configure_mock(**{'return_value.color': '0xff0000'})
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Get', b'dom0', b'red')
        self.assertEqual(value, '0xff0000')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('red')])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_195_label_index(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.get_label.configure_mock(**{'return_value.index': 1})
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Index', b'dom0', b'red')
        self.assertEqual(value, '1')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('red')])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_200_label_create(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.get_label.side_effect=KeyError
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        labels_config = {
            'keys.return_value': range(1, 9),
        }
        self.app.labels.configure_mock(**labels_config)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0', b'cyan',
            b'0x00ffff')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('cyan')])
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
            unittest.mock.call.__getattr__('__setitem__')(9,
                qubes.Label(9, '0x00ffff', 'cyan'))])
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_200_label_create_invalid_color(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.get_label.side_effect=KeyError
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        labels_config = {
            'keys.return_value': range(1, 9),
        }
        self.app.labels.configure_mock(**labels_config)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0', b'cyan',
                b'abcd')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('cyan')])
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_200_label_create_invalid_name(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.get_label.side_effect=KeyError
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        labels_config = {
            'keys.return_value': range(1, 9),
        }
        self.app.labels.configure_mock(**labels_config)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0', b'01',
                b'0xff0000')
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0', b'../xxx',
                b'0xff0000')
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0',
                b'strange-name!@#$',
                b'0xff0000')

        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_200_label_create_already_exists(self):
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock(wraps=self.app.get_label)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Create', b'dom0', b'red',
                b'abcd')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('red')])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_210_label_remove(self):
        label = qubes.Label(9, '0x00ffff', 'cyan')
        self.app.labels[9] = label
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock(wraps=self.app.get_label,
            **{'return_value.index': 9})
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock(wraps=self.app.labels)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Remove', b'dom0', b'cyan')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.app.get_label.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call('cyan')])
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.__delitem__(9)])
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_210_label_remove_invalid_label(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Remove', b'dom0',
                b'no-such-label')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_210_label_remove_default_label(self):
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock(wraps=self.app.labels)
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock(wraps=self.app.get_label,
            **{'return_value.index': 6})
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Remove', b'dom0',
                b'blue')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_210_label_remove_in_use(self):
        self.app.labels = unittest.mock.MagicMock(wraps=self.app.labels)
        self.app.get_label = unittest.mock.Mock(wraps=self.app.get_label,
            **{'return_value.index': 1})
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.label.Remove', b'dom0',
                b'red')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.labels.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_220_start(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        self.vm.start = coroutine_mock
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Start', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        func_mock.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_230_shutdown(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        self.vm.shutdown = coroutine_mock
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Shutdown', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        func_mock.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_240_pause(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        self.vm.pause = coroutine_mock
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Pause', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        func_mock.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_250_unpause(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        self.vm.unpause = coroutine_mock
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Unpause', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        func_mock.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_260_kill(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        self.vm.kill = coroutine_mock
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Kill', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        func_mock.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_270_events(self):
        send_event = unittest.mock.Mock(spec=[])
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.admin.QubesAdminAPI(self.app, b'dom0', b'admin.Events',
            b'dom0', b'', send_event=send_event)

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def fire_event():
            self.vm.fire_event('test-event', arg1='abc')
            mgmt_obj.cancel()

        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        execute_task = asyncio.ensure_future(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=b''))
        asyncio.ensure_future(fire_event())
        loop.run_until_complete(execute_task)
        self.assertIsNone(execute_task.result())
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter,
            'admin-permission:' + 'admin.Events')
        self.assertEqual(send_event.mock_calls,
            [
                unittest.mock.call(self.app, 'connection-established'),
                unittest.mock.call(self.vm, 'test-event', arg1='abc')
            ])

    def test_271_events_add_vm(self):
        send_event = unittest.mock.Mock(spec=[])
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.admin.QubesAdminAPI(self.app, b'dom0', b'admin.Events',
            b'dom0', b'', send_event=send_event)

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def fire_event():
            self.vm.fire_event('test-event', arg1='abc')
            # add VM _after_ starting admin.Events call
            vm = self.app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red', name='test-vm2',
                template='test-template')
            vm.fire_event('test-event2', arg1='abc')
            mgmt_obj.cancel()
            return vm

        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        execute_task = asyncio.ensure_future(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=b''))
        event_task = asyncio.ensure_future(fire_event())
        loop.run_until_complete(execute_task)
        vm2 = event_task.result()
        self.assertIsNone(execute_task.result())
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter,
            'admin-permission:' + 'admin.Events')
        self.assertEqual(send_event.mock_calls,
            [
                unittest.mock.call(self.app, 'connection-established'),
                unittest.mock.call(self.vm, 'test-event', arg1='abc'),
                unittest.mock.call(self.app, 'domain-add', vm=vm2),
                unittest.mock.call(vm2, 'test-event2', arg1='abc'),
            ])

    def test_280_feature_list(self):
        self.vm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.List', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'test-feature\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_290_feature_get(self):
        self.vm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_291_feature_get_none(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesFeatureNotFoundError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Get',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_300_feature_remove(self):
        self.vm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Remove', b'test-vm1',
            b'test-feature')
        self.assertIsNone(value, None)
        self.assertNotIn('test-feature', self.vm.features)
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_301_feature_remove_none(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesFeatureNotFoundError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Remove',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_310_feature_checkwithtemplate(self):
        self.vm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_311_feature_checkwithtemplate_tpl(self):
        self.template.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_312_feature_checkwithtemplate_none(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesFeatureNotFoundError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_315_feature_checkwithnetvm(self):
        self.vm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithNetvm',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_316_feature_checkwithnetvm_netvm(self):
        self.netvm = self.app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red',
            name='test-netvm1',
            template='test-template',
            provides_network=True)
        self.vm.netvm = self.netvm
        self.netvm.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithNetvm',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_317_feature_checkwithnetvm_none(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesFeatureNotFoundError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithNetvm',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_318_feature_checkwithadminvm(self):
        self.app.domains['dom0'].features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithAdminVM',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_319_feature_checkwithtpladminvm(self):
        self.app.domains['dom0'].features['test-feature'] = 'some-value'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplateAndAdminVM',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value')

        self.template.features['test-feature'] = 'some-value2'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplateAndAdminVM',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'some-value2')

        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_320_feature_set(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Set',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature', b'some-value')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.features['test-feature'], 'some-value')
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_321_feature_set_empty(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Set',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-feature', b'')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.features['test-feature'], '')
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_320_feature_set_invalid(self):
        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.feature.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-feature', b'\x02\x03\xffsome-value')
        self.assertNotIn('test-feature', self.vm.features)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @asyncio.coroutine
    def dummy_coro(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    def coroutine_mock(self):
        func_mock = unittest.mock.Mock()

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def coroutine_mock(*args, **kwargs):
            return func_mock(*args, **kwargs)
        return func_mock, coroutine_mock

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_330_vm_create_standalone(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.StandaloneVM',
            b'dom0', b'', b'name=test-vm2 label=red')

        self.assertIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        vm = self.app.domains['test-vm2']
        self.assertIsInstance(vm, qubes.vm.standalonevm.StandaloneVM)
        self.assertEqual(vm.label, self.app.get_label('red'))
        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(self.app.domains['test-vm2']).create()])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(
            self.test_base_dir, 'appvms', 'test-vm2')))

        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_331_vm_create_standalone_spurious_template(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.StandaloneVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(os.path.join(
            self.test_base_dir, 'appvms', 'test-vm2')))

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_332_vm_create_app(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
            b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red')

        self.assertIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        vm = self.app.domains['test-vm2']
        self.assertEqual(vm.label, self.app.get_label('red'))
        self.assertEqual(vm.template, self.app.domains['test-template'])
        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(self.app.domains['test-vm2']).create()])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(
            self.test_base_dir, 'appvms', 'test-vm2')))

        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_333_vm_create_app_default_template(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
            b'dom0', b'', b'name=test-vm2 label=red')

        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(self.app.domains['test-vm2']).create()])

        self.assertIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertEqual(self.app.domains['test-vm2'].template,
            self.app.default_template)
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_334_vm_create_invalid_name(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-###')

        self.assertNotIn('test-###', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_335_vm_create_missing_name(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'label=red')

        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_336_vm_create_spurious_pool(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template',
                b'name=test-vm2 label=red pool=default')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_337_vm_create_duplicate_name(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template',
                b'name=test-vm1 label=red')

        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_338_vm_create_name_twice(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template',
                b'name=test-vm2 name=test-vm3 label=red')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertNotIn('test-vm3', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_340_vm_create_in_pool_app(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
            b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                 b'pool=test')

        self.assertIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        vm = self.app.domains['test-vm2']
        self.assertEqual(vm.label, self.app.get_label('red'))
        self.assertEqual(vm.template, self.app.domains['test-template'])
        # setting pool= affect only volumes actually created for this VM,
        # not used from a template or so
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['root']['pool'],
            self.template.volumes['root'].pool)
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['private']['pool'], 'test')
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['volatile']['pool'], 'test')
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['kernel']['pool'], 'linux-kernel')
        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(self.app.domains['test-vm2']).create()])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(
            self.test_base_dir, 'appvms', 'test-vm2')))

        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_341_vm_create_in_pool_private(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
            b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                 b'pool:private=test')

        self.assertIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        vm = self.app.domains['test-vm2']
        self.assertEqual(vm.label, self.app.get_label('red'))
        self.assertEqual(vm.template, self.app.domains['test-template'])
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['root']['pool'],
            self.template.volumes['root'].pool)
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['private']['pool'], 'test')
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['volatile']['pool'],
            self.app.default_pool_volatile)
        self.assertEqual(vm.volume_config['kernel']['pool'], 'linux-kernel')
        self.assertEqual(storage_mock.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call(self.app.domains['test-vm2']).create()])
        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(os.path.join(
            self.test_base_dir, 'appvms', 'test-vm2')))

        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_342_vm_create_in_pool_invalid_pool(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                     b'pool=no-such-pool')

        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_343_vm_create_in_pool_invalid_pool2(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                     b'pool:private=no-such-pool')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_344_vm_create_in_pool_invalid_volume(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                     b'pool:invalid=test')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_345_vm_create_in_pool_app_root(self, storage_mock):
        # setting custom pool for 'root' volume of AppVM should not be
        # allowed - this volume belongs to the template
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                                     b'pool:root=test')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_346_vm_create_in_pool_duplicate_pool(self, storage_mock):
        # setting custom pool for 'root' volume of AppVM should not be
        # allowed - this volume belongs to the template
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
                b'dom0', b'test-template', b'name=test-vm2 label=red '
                b'pool=test pool:root=test')

        self.assertNotIn('test-vm2', self.app.domains)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)


    def test_400_property_list(self):
        # actual function tested for admin.vm.property.* already
        # this test is kind of stupid, but at least check if appropriate
        # admin-permission event is fired
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.property.List', b'dom0')
        properties = self.app.property_list()
        self.assertEqual(value,
            ''.join('{}\n'.format(prop.__name__) for prop in properties))

    def test_410_property_get_str(self):
        # actual function tested for admin.vm.property.* already
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.property.Get', b'dom0',
            b'default_kernel')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default=False type=str 1.0')

    def test_420_propert_set_str(self):
        # actual function tested for admin.vm.property.* already
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__set__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.property.Set', b'dom0',
                b'default_kernel', b'1.0')
            self.assertIsNone(value)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(self.app, '1.0')
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_440_property_help(self):
        # actual function tested for admin.vm.property.* already
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.property.Help', b'dom0',
            b'clockvm')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'Which VM to use as NTP proxy for updating AdminVM')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_450_property_reset(self):
        # actual function tested for admin.vm.property.* already
        with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.property.__delete__') as mock:
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.property.Reset', b'dom0',
                b'clockvm')
            mock.assert_called_with(self.app)
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def device_list_testclass(self, vm, event):
        if vm is not self.vm:
            return
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        dev.description = 'Some device'
        dev.extra_prop = 'xx'
        yield dev
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '4321')
        dev.description = 'Some other device'
        yield dev

    def test_460_vm_device_available(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Available',
            b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            '1234 extra_prop=xx description=Some '
            'device\n'
            '4321 description=Some other device\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_461_vm_device_available_specific(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Available',
            b'test-vm1', b'4321')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            '4321 description=Some other device\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_462_vm_device_available_invalid(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Available',
            b'test-vm1', b'no-such-device')
        self.assertEqual(value, '')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_470_vm_device_list_persistent(self):
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '1234',
            persistent=True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.List',
            b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1+1234 persistent=yes\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_471_vm_device_list_persistent_options(self):
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '1234',
            persistent=True, options={'opt1': 'value'})
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '4321',
            persistent=True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.List',
            b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1+1234 opt1=value persistent=yes\n'
            'test-vm1+4321 persistent=yes\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def device_list_attached_testclass(self, vm, event, **kwargs):
        if vm is not self.vm:
            return
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        yield (dev, {'attach_opt': 'value'})

    def test_472_vm_device_list_temporary(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.List',
            b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1+1234 attach_opt=value persistent=no\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_473_vm_device_list_mixed(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '4321',
            persistent=True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.List',
            b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1+1234 attach_opt=value persistent=no\n'
            'test-vm1+4321 persistent=yes\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_474_vm_device_list_specific(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '4321',
            persistent=True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.List',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'test-vm1+1234 attach_opt=value persistent=no\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_480_vm_device_attach(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_attach.return_value = None
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        mock_attach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-attach:testclass',
            device=self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234'],
            options={})
        self.assertEqual(len(self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent()), 0)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_481_vm_device_attach(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_attach.return_value = None
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'persistent=no')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        mock_attach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-attach:testclass',
            device=self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234'],
            options={})
        self.assertEqual(len(self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent()), 0)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_482_vm_device_attach_not_running(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesVMNotRunningError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234')
        self.assertFalse(mock_attach.called)
        self.assertEqual(len(self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent()), 0)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_483_vm_device_attach_persistent(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_attach.return_value = None
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'persistent=yes')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234']
        mock_attach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-attach:testclass',
            device=dev,
            options={})
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_484_vm_device_attach_persistent_not_running(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_attach.return_value = None
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
            b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'persistent=yes')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234']
        mock_attach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-attach:testclass',
            device=dev,
            options={})
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_485_vm_device_attach_options(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        mock_attach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_attach.return_value = None
        del mock_attach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-attach:testclass', mock_attach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Attach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'option1=value2')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234']
        mock_attach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-attach:testclass',
            device=dev,
            options={'option1': 'value2'})
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_490_vm_device_detach(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass', self.device_list_testclass)
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        mock_detach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_detach.return_value = None
        del mock_detach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-detach:testclass', mock_detach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Detach',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        mock_detach.assert_called_once_with(self.vm, 'device-detach:testclass',
            device=self.vm.devices['testclass']['1234'])
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_491_vm_device_detach_not_attached(self):
        mock_detach = unittest.mock.Mock()
        mock_detach.return_value = None
        del mock_detach._is_coroutine
        self.vm.add_handler('device-detach:testclass', mock_detach)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.devices.DeviceNotAttached):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Detach',
                    b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234')
        self.assertFalse(mock_detach.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.remove')
    @unittest.mock.patch('shutil.rmtree')
    def test_500_vm_remove(self, mock_rmtree, mock_remove):
        mock_remove.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Remove', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        mock_rmtree.assert_called_once_with(
            '/tmp/qubes-test-dir/appvms/test-vm1')
        mock_remove.assert_called_once_with()
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.remove')
    @unittest.mock.patch('shutil.rmtree')
    def test_501_vm_remove_running(self, mock_rmtree, mock_remove):
        mock_remove.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(
                self.vm, 'get_power_state', lambda: 'Running'):
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesVMNotHaltedError):
                self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Remove', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertFalse(mock_rmtree.called)
        self.assertFalse(mock_remove.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    # Import tests
    # (internal methods, normally called from qubes-rpc script)

    def test_510_vm_volume_import(self):
        value = self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
            b'internal.vm.volume.ImportBegin', b'test-vm1', b'private')
        self.assertEqual(value, '{} {}'.format(
            2*2**30, '/tmp/qubes-test-dir/appvms/test-vm1/private-import.img'))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_511_vm_volume_import_running(self):
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(
                self.vm, 'get_power_state', lambda: 'Running'):
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesVMNotHaltedError):
                self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
                    b'internal.vm.volume.ImportBegin', b'test-vm1', b'private')

    def test_512_vm_volume_import_with_size(self):
        new_size = 4 * 2**30
        file_name = '/tmp/qubes-test-dir/appvms/test-vm1/private-import.img'

        value = self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
            b'internal.vm.volume.ImportBegin', b'test-vm1',
            b'private', payload=str(new_size).encode())
        self.assertEqual(value, '{} {}'.format(
            new_size, file_name))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

        self.assertEqual(os.stat(file_name).st_size, new_size)

    def test_515_vm_volume_import_fire_event(self):
        self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
            b'internal.vm.volume.ImportBegin', b'test-vm1', b'private')
        self.assertEventFired(
            self.emitter, 'admin-permission:admin.vm.volume.Import')

    def test_516_vm_volume_import_fire_event_with_size(self):
        self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
            b'internal.vm.volume.ImportBegin', b'test-vm1', b'private',
            b'123')
        self.assertEventFired(
            self.emitter, 'admin-permission:admin.vm.volume.ImportWithSize')

    def test_510_vm_volume_import_end_success(self):
        import_data_end_mock, self.vm.storage.import_data_end = \
            self.coroutine_mock()
        self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
            b'internal.vm.volume.ImportEnd', b'test-vm1', b'private',
            payload=b'ok')
        self.assertEqual(import_data_end_mock.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call('private', success=True)
        ])

    def test_510_vm_volume_import_end_failure(self):
        import_data_end_mock, self.vm.storage.import_data_end = \
            self.coroutine_mock()
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(
                qubes.exc.QubesException, 'error message'):
            self.call_internal_mgmt_func(
                b'internal.vm.volume.ImportEnd', b'test-vm1', b'private',
                payload=b'fail\nerror message')
        self.assertEqual(import_data_end_mock.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call('private', success=False)
        ])

    def setup_for_clone(self):
        self.pool = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        self.app.pools['test'] = self.pool
        self.vm2 = self.app.add_new_vm('AppVM', label='red',
            name='test-vm2',
            template='test-template', kernel='')
        self.pool.configure_mock(**{
            'volumes': qubes.storage.VolumesCollection(self.pool),
            'init_volume.return_value.pool': self.pool,
            '__str__.return_value': 'test',
            'get_volume.side_effect': (lambda vid:
                self.vm.volumes['private']
                    if vid is self.vm.volumes['private'].vid
                    else self.vm2.volumes['private']
            ),
        })
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.create_on_disk(pool='test'))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm2.create_on_disk(pool='test'))

        # the call replaces self.vm.volumes[...] with result of import
        # operation - make sure it stays as the same object
        self.vm.volumes['private'].import_volume.return_value = \
            self.vm.volumes['private']
        self.vm2.volumes['private'].import_volume.return_value = \
            self.vm2.volumes['private']

        self.addCleanup(self.cleanup_for_clone)

    def cleanup_for_clone(self):
        del self.vm2
        del self.pool

    def test_520_vm_volume_clone(self):
        self.setup_for_clone()
        token = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneFrom',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'')
        # token
        self.assertEqual(len(token), 32)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneTo',
                b'test-vm2', b'private', token.encode())
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.vm2.volumes['private'].import_volume.assert_called_once_with(
            self.vm.volumes['private']
        )
        self.vm2.volumes['private'].import_volume.assert_called_once_with(
            self.vm2.volumes['private']
        )
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_521_vm_volume_clone_invalid_volume(self):
        self.setup_for_clone()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneFrom',
                    b'test-vm1', b'private123', b'')
        self.assertNotIn('init_volume().import_volume',
            map(operator.itemgetter(0), self.pool.mock_calls))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_522_vm_volume_clone_invalid_volume2(self):
        self.setup_for_clone()

        token = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneFrom',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'')
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneTo',
                    b'test-vm1', b'private123', token.encode())
        self.assertNotIn('init_volume().import_volume',
            map(operator.itemgetter(0), self.pool.mock_calls))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_523_vm_volume_clone_removed_volume(self):
        self.setup_for_clone()

        token = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneFrom',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'')
        def get_volume(vid):
            if vid == self.vm.volumes['private']:
                raise KeyError(vid)
            else:
                return unittest.mock.DEFAULT
        self.pool.get_volume.side_effect = get_volume
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneTo',
                    b'test-vm1', b'private', token.encode())
        self.assertNotIn('init_volume().import_volume',
            map(operator.itemgetter(0), self.pool.mock_calls))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_524_vm_volume_clone_invlid_token(self):
        self.setup_for_clone()

        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.CloneTo',
                    b'test-vm1', b'private', b'no-such-token')
        self.assertNotIn('init_volume().import_volume',
            map(operator.itemgetter(0), self.pool.mock_calls))
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_530_tag_list(self):
        self.vm.tags.add('tag1')
        self.vm.tags.add('tag2')
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.List', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'tag1\ntag2\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_540_tag_get(self):
        self.vm.tags.add('tag1')
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Get', b'test-vm1',
            b'tag1')
        self.assertEqual(value, '1')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_541_tag_get_absent(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Get', b'test-vm1', b'tag1')
        self.assertEqual(value, '0')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_550_tag_remove(self):
        self.vm.tags.add('tag1')
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Remove', b'test-vm1',
            b'tag1')
        self.assertIsNone(value, None)
        self.assertNotIn('tag1', self.vm.tags)
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_551_tag_remove_absent(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesTagNotFoundError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Remove',
                b'test-vm1', b'tag1')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_560_tag_set(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Set',
            b'test-vm1', b'tag1')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertIn('tag1', self.vm.tags)
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    def test_561_tag_set_invalid(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.tag.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'+.some-tag')
        self.assertNotIn('+.some-tag', self.vm.tags)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_570_firewall_get(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Get',
            b'test-vm1', b'')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'action=accept\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_571_firewall_get_non_default(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.vm.firewall.rules = [
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept', proto='tcp',
                dstports='1-1024'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='drop', proto='icmp',
                comment='No ICMP'),
            # should not output expired rule
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='drop', proto='udp',
                expire='1499450306'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='drop', proto='udp',
                expire='2099450306'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept'),
        ]
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Get',
            b'test-vm1', b'')
        self.assertEqual(value,
            'action=accept proto=tcp dstports=1-1024\n'
            'action=drop proto=icmp comment=No ICMP\n'
            'action=drop expire=2099450306 proto=udp\n'
            'action=accept\n')
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_580_firewall_set_simple(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
            b'test-vm1', b'', b'action=accept\n')
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules,
            ['action=accept'])
        self.assertTrue(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_581_firewall_set_multi(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        rules = [
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept', proto='tcp',
                dstports='1-1024'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='drop', proto='icmp',
                comment='No ICMP'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='drop', proto='udp',
                expire='1499450306'),
            qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept'),
        ]
        rules_txt = (
            'action=accept proto=tcp dstports=1-1024\n'
            'action=drop proto=icmp comment=No ICMP\n'
            'action=drop expire=1499450306 proto=udp\n'
            'action=accept\n')
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
            b'test-vm1', b'', rules_txt.encode())
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules, rules)
        self.assertTrue(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_582_firewall_set_invalid(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        rules_txt = (
            'action=accept protoxyz=tcp dst4=127.0.0.1\n'
            'action=drop\n')
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'', rules_txt.encode())
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules,
            [qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept')])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_583_firewall_set_invalid(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        rules_txt = (
            'proto=tcp dstports=1-1024\n'
            'action=drop\n')
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'', rules_txt.encode())
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules,
            [qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept')])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_584_firewall_set_invalid(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        rules_txt = (
            'action=accept proto=tcp dstports=1-1024 '
            'action=drop\n')
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'', rules_txt.encode())
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules,
            [qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept')])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_585_firewall_set_invalid(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        rules_txt = (
            'action=accept dstports=1-1024 comment=ążźł\n'
            'action=drop\n')
        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
                b'test-vm1', b'', rules_txt.encode())
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.firewall.rules,
            [qubes.firewall.Rule(action='accept')])
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_590_firewall_reload(self):
        self.vm.firewall.save = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.domains['test-vm1'].fire_event = self.emitter.fire_event
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.firewall.Reload',
                b'test-vm1', b'')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter, 'firewall-changed')
        self.assertFalse(self.vm.firewall.save.called)
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_600_backup_info(self):
        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_vm: test-vm1\n'
            'destination_path: /var/tmp\n'
            'passphrase_text: test\n'
        )
        expected_info = (
            '------------------+--------------+--------------+\n'
            '               VM |         type |         size |\n'
            '------------------+--------------+--------------+\n'
            '         test-vm1 |           VM |            0 |\n'
            '------------------+--------------+--------------+\n'
            '      Total size: |                           0 |\n'
            '------------------+--------------+--------------+\n'
            'VMs not selected for backup:\n'
            ' - dom0\n'
            ' - test-template\n'
        )
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                    profile_dir):
                result = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Info', b'dom0',
                    b'testprofile')
            self.assertEqual(result, expected_info)

    def test_601_backup_info_profile_missing_destination_path(self):
        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_vm: test-vm1\n'
            'passphrase_text: test\n'
        )
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                    profile_dir):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Info', b'dom0',
                        b'testprofile')

    def test_602_backup_info_profile_missing_destination_vm(self):
        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_path: /home/user\n'
            'passphrase_text: test\n'
        )
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                    profile_dir):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Info', b'dom0',
                        b'testprofile')

    def test_610_backup_cancel_not_running(self):
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Cancel', b'dom0',
                b'testprofile')

    def test_611_backup_already_running(self):
        if not hasattr(self.app, 'api_admin_running_backups'):
            self.app.api_admin_running_backups = {}

        self.app.api_admin_running_backups['testprofile'] = 'test'
        self.addCleanup(self.app.api_admin_running_backups.pop, 'testprofile')

        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_vm: test-vm1\n'
            'destination_path: /home/user\n'
            'passphrase_text: test\n'
        )

        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                                     profile_dir):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.BackupAlreadyRunningError):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Execute', b'dom0',
                                        b'testprofile')

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.backup.Backup')
    def test_620_backup_execute(self, mock_backup):
        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_vm: test-vm1\n'
            'destination_path: /home/user\n'
            'passphrase_text: test\n'
        )
        mock_backup.return_value.backup_do.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                    profile_dir):
                result = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Execute', b'dom0',
                        b'testprofile')
        self.assertIsNone(result)
        mock_backup.assert_called_once_with(
            self.app,
            {self.vm},
            set(),
            target_vm=self.vm,
            target_dir='/home/user',
            compressed=True,
            passphrase='test')
        mock_backup.return_value.backup_do.assert_called_once_with()

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.backup.Backup')
    def test_621_backup_execute_passphrase_service(self, mock_backup):
        backup_profile = (
            'include:\n'
            ' - test-vm1\n'
            'destination_vm: test-vm1\n'
            'destination_path: /home/user\n'
            'passphrase_vm: test-vm1\n'
        )

        @asyncio.coroutine
        def service_passphrase(*args, **kwargs):
            return (b'pass-from-vm', None)

        mock_backup.return_value.backup_do.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.vm.run_service_for_stdio = unittest.mock.Mock(
            side_effect=service_passphrase)
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as profile_dir:
            with open(os.path.join(profile_dir, 'testprofile.conf'), 'w') as \
                    profile_file:
                profile_file.write(backup_profile)
            with unittest.mock.patch('qubes.config.backup_profile_dir',
                    profile_dir):
                result = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.backup.Execute', b'dom0',
                        b'testprofile')
        self.assertIsNone(result)
        mock_backup.assert_called_once_with(
            self.app,
            {self.vm},
            set(),
            target_vm=self.vm,
            target_dir='/home/user',
            compressed=True,
            passphrase=b'pass-from-vm')
        mock_backup.return_value.backup_do.assert_called_once_with()
        self.vm.run_service_for_stdio.assert_called_with(
            'qubes.BackupPassphrase+testprofile')

    def test_630_vm_stats(self):
        send_event = unittest.mock.Mock(spec=[])

        stats1 = {
            0: {
                'cpu_time': 243951379111104 // 8,
                'cpu_usage': 0,
                'cpu_usage_raw': 0,
                'memory_kb': 3733212,
            },
            1: {
                'cpu_time': 2849496569205,
                'cpu_usage': 0,
                'cpu_usage_raw': 0,
                'memory_kb': 303916,
            },
        }
        stats2 = copy.deepcopy(stats1)
        stats2[0]['cpu_time'] += 100000000
        stats2[0]['cpu_usage'] = 10
        stats2[0]['cpu_usage_raw'] = 10
        stats2[1]['cpu_usage'] = 5
        stats2[1]['cpu_usage_raw'] = 5
        self.app.host.get_vm_stats = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.host.get_vm_stats.side_effect = [
            (0, stats1), (1, stats2),
        ]
        self.app.stats_interval = 1
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.admin.QubesAdminAPI(
            self.app, b'dom0', b'admin.vm.Stats',
            b'dom0', b'', send_event=send_event)

        def cancel_call():
            mgmt_obj.cancel()

        class MockVM(object):
            def __init__(self, name):
                self._name = name

            def name(self):
                return self._name

        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        self.app.vmm.libvirt_conn.lookupByID.side_effect = lambda xid: {
            0: MockVM('Domain-0'),
            1: MockVM('test-template'),
            2: MockVM('test-vm1')}[xid]
        execute_task = asyncio.ensure_future(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=b''))
        loop.call_later(1.1, cancel_call)
        loop.run_until_complete(execute_task)
        self.assertIsNone(execute_task.result())
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter,
            'admin-permission:' + 'admin.vm.Stats')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.host.get_vm_stats.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call(None, None, only_vm=None),
            unittest.mock.call(0, stats1, only_vm=None),
        ])
        self.assertEqual(send_event.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call(self.app, 'connection-established'),
                unittest.mock.call('dom0', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats1[0]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats1[0]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats1[0]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats1[0]['memory_kb']),
                unittest.mock.call('test-template', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats1[1]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats1[1]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats1[1]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats1[1]['memory_kb']),
                unittest.mock.call('dom0', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats2[0]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats2[0]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats2[0]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats2[0]['memory_kb']),
                unittest.mock.call('test-template', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats2[1]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats2[1]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats2[1]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats2[1]['memory_kb']),
            ])

    def test_631_vm_stats_single_vm(self):
        send_event = unittest.mock.Mock(spec=[])

        stats1 = {
            2: {
                'cpu_time': 2849496569205,
                'cpu_usage': 0,
                'cpu_usage_raw': 0,
                'memory_kb': 303916,
            },
        }
        stats2 = copy.deepcopy(stats1)
        stats2[2]['cpu_usage'] = 5
        stats2[2]['cpu_usage_raw'] = 5
        self.app.host.get_vm_stats = unittest.mock.Mock()
        self.app.host.get_vm_stats.side_effect = [
            (0, stats1), (1, stats2),
        ]
        self.app.stats_interval = 1
        mgmt_obj = qubes.api.admin.QubesAdminAPI(
            self.app, b'dom0', b'admin.vm.Stats',
            b'test-vm1', b'', send_event=send_event)

        def cancel_call():
            mgmt_obj.cancel()

        class MockVM(object):
            def __init__(self, name):
                self._name = name

            def name(self):
                return self._name

        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
        self.app.vmm.libvirt_conn.lookupByID.side_effect = lambda xid: {
            0: MockVM('Domain-0'),
            1: MockVM('test-template'),
            2: MockVM('test-vm1')}[xid]
        execute_task = asyncio.ensure_future(
            mgmt_obj.execute(untrusted_payload=b''))
        loop.call_later(1.1, cancel_call)
        loop.run_until_complete(execute_task)
        self.assertIsNone(execute_task.result())
        self.assertEventFired(self.emitter,
            'admin-permission:' + 'admin.vm.Stats')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.host.get_vm_stats.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call(None, None, only_vm=self.vm),
            unittest.mock.call(0, stats1, only_vm=self.vm),
        ])
        self.assertEqual(send_event.mock_calls, [
            unittest.mock.call(self.app, 'connection-established'),
                unittest.mock.call('test-vm1', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats1[2]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats1[2]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats1[2]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats1[2]['memory_kb']),
                unittest.mock.call('test-vm1', 'vm-stats',
                    cpu_time=stats2[2]['cpu_time'] // 1000000,
                    cpu_usage=stats2[2]['cpu_usage'],
                    cpu_usage_raw=stats2[2]['cpu_usage_raw'],
                    memory_kb=stats2[2]['memory_kb']),
            ])

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_640_vm_create_disposable(self, mock_storage):
        mock_storage.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.vm.template_for_dispvms = True
        retval = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateDisposable',
                b'test-vm1')
        self.assertTrue(retval.startswith('disp'))
        self.assertIn(retval, self.app.domains)
        dispvm = self.app.domains[retval]
        self.assertEqual(dispvm.template, self.vm)
        mock_storage.assert_called_once_with()
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_641_vm_create_disposable_default(self, mock_storage):
        mock_storage.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        self.vm.template_for_dispvms = True
        self.app.default_dispvm = self.vm
        retval = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateDisposable',
                b'dom0')
        self.assertTrue(retval.startswith('disp'))
        mock_storage.assert_called_once_with()
        self.assertTrue(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.mock.patch('qubes.storage.Storage.create')
    def test_642_vm_create_disposable_not_allowed(self, storage_mock):
        storage_mock.side_effect = self.dummy_coro
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesException):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CreateDisposable',
                b'test-vm1')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_650_vm_device_set_persistent_true(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(
                b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'True')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_651_vm_device_set_persistent_false_unchanged(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(
                b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'False')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertNotIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_652_vm_device_set_persistent_false(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '1234', {},
            True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(
                b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'False')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertNotIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].attached())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_653_vm_device_set_persistent_true_unchanged(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        assignment = qubes.devices.DeviceAssignment(self.vm, '1234', {},
            True)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self.vm.devices['testclass'].attach(assignment))
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list-attached:testclass',
            self.device_list_attached_testclass)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            value = self.call_mgmt_func(
                b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'True')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.assertIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].attached())
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_654_vm_device_set_persistent_not_attached(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
                self.call_mgmt_func(
                    b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                    b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'True')
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertNotIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_655_vm_device_set_persistent_invalid_value(self):
        self.vm.add_handler('device-list:testclass',
            self.device_list_testclass)
        with unittest.mock.patch.object(qubes.vm.qubesvm.QubesVM,
                'is_halted', lambda _: False):
            with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
                self.call_mgmt_func(
                    b'admin.vm.device.testclass.Set.persistent',
                    b'test-vm1', b'test-vm1+1234', b'maybe')
        dev = qubes.devices.DeviceInfo(self.vm, '1234')
        self.assertNotIn(dev, self.vm.devices['testclass'].persistent())
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_660_pool_set_revisions_to_keep(self):
        self.app.pools['test-pool'] = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Set.revisions_to_keep',
            b'dom0', b'test-pool', b'2')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.app.pools['test-pool'].mock_calls, [])
        self.assertEqual(self.app.pools['test-pool'].revisions_to_keep, 2)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_661_pool_set_revisions_to_keep_negative(self):
        self.app.pools['test-pool'] = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Set.revisions_to_keep',
                b'dom0', b'test-pool', b'-2')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.pools['test-pool'].mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_662_pool_set_revisions_to_keep_not_a_number(self):
        self.app.pools['test-pool'] = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.Set.revisions_to_keep',
                b'dom0', b'test-pool', b'abc')
        self.assertEqual(self.app.pools['test-pool'].mock_calls, [])
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_670_vm_volume_set_revisions_to_keep(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Set.revisions_to_keep',
            b'test-vm1', b'private', b'2')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
            ('__getitem__', ('private',), {})])
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes['private'].revisions_to_keep, 2)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_671_vm_volume_set_revisions_to_keep_negative(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Set.revisions_to_keep',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'-2')

    def test_672_vm_volume_set_revisions_to_keep_not_a_number(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Set.revisions_to_keep',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'abc')

    def test_680_vm_volume_set_rw(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Set.rw',
            b'test-vm1', b'private', b'True')
        self.assertIsNone(value)
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes.mock_calls,
            [unittest.mock.call.keys(),
            ('__getitem__', ('private',), {})])
        self.assertEqual(self.vm.volumes['private'].rw, True)
        self.app.save.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_681_vm_volume_set_rw_invalid(self):
        self.vm.volumes = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        volumes_conf = {
            'keys.return_value': ['root', 'private', 'volatile', 'kernel'],
        }
        self.vm.volumes.configure_mock(**volumes_conf)
        self.vm.storage = unittest.mock.Mock()
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.volume.Set.revisions_to_keep',
                b'test-vm1', b'private', b'abc')
        self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_690_vm_console(self):
        self.vm._libvirt_domain = unittest.mock.Mock()
        xml_desc = (
            '<domain type=\'xen\' id=\'42\'>\n'
            '<name>test-vm1</name>\n'
            '<devices>\n'
            '<console type=\'pty\' tty=\'/dev/pts/42\'>\n'
            '<source path=\'/dev/pts/42\'/>\n'
            '<target type=\'xen\' port=\'0\'/>\n'
            '</console>\n'
            '</devices>\n'
            '</domain>\n'
        )
        self.vm._libvirt_domain.configure_mock(
            **{'XMLDesc.return_value': xml_desc,
               'isActive.return_value': True}
        )
        self.app.vmm.configure_mock(offline_mode=False)
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Console', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(value, '/dev/pts/42')

    def test_691_vm_console_not_running(self):
        self.vm._libvirt_domain = unittest.mock.Mock()
        xml_desc = (
            '<domain type=\'xen\' id=\'42\'>\n'
            '<name>test-vm1</name>\n'
            '<devices>\n'
            '<console type=\'pty\' tty=\'/dev/pts/42\'>\n'
            '<source path=\'/dev/pts/42\'/>\n'
            '<target type=\'xen\' port=\'0\'/>\n'
            '</console>\n'
            '</devices>\n'
            '</domain>\n'
        )
        self.vm._libvirt_domain.configure_mock(
            **{'XMLDesc.return_value': xml_desc,
               'isActive.return_value': False}
        )
        with self.assertRaises(qubes.exc.QubesVMNotRunningError):
            self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.Console', b'test-vm1')

    def test_700_pool_volume_list(self):
        self.app.pools = {
            'pool1': unittest.mock.Mock(config={
                'param1': 'value1', 'param2': 'value2'},
                usage=102400,
                size=204800,
                volumes={'vol1': unittest.mock.Mock(),
                         'vol2': unittest.mock.Mock()})
        }
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.pool.volume.List', b'dom0', b'pool1')
        self.assertEqual(value, 'vol1\nvol2\n')

    def test_800_current_state_default(self):
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CurrentState', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(
            value, 'mem=0 mem_static_max=0 cputime=0 power_state=Halted')

    def test_801_current_state_changed(self):
        self.vm.get_mem = lambda: 512
        self.vm.get_mem_static_max = lambda: 1024
        self.vm.get_cputime = lambda: 100
        self.vm.get_power_state = lambda: 'Running'
        value = self.call_mgmt_func(b'admin.vm.CurrentState', b'test-vm1')
        self.assertEqual(
            value, 'mem=512 mem_static_max=1024 cputime=100 power_state=Running')

    def test_990_vm_unexpected_payload(self):
        methods_with_no_payload = [
            b'admin.vm.List',
            b'admin.vm.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.property.List',
            b'admin.vm.property.Get',
            b'admin.vm.property.Help',
            #b'admin.vm.property.HelpRst',
            b'admin.vm.property.Reset',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Get',
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.tag.List',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Get',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Set',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Get',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Reload',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.Detach',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.List',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.Available',
            b'admin.vm.volume.ListSnapshots',
            b'admin.vm.volume.List',
            b'admin.vm.volume.Info',
            b'admin.vm.Start',
            b'admin.vm.Shutdown',
            b'admin.vm.Pause',
            b'admin.vm.Unpause',
            b'admin.vm.Kill',
            b'admin.vm.Console',
            b'admin.Events',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Get',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        for method in methods_with_no_payload:
            # should reject payload regardless of having argument or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'',
                        b'unexpected-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg'):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'some-arg',
                        b'unexpected-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_991_vm_unexpected_argument(self):
        methods_with_no_argument = [
            b'admin.vm.List',
            b'admin.vm.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.property.List',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
            b'admin.vm.tag.List',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Get',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Reload',
            b'admin.vm.volume.List',
            b'admin.vm.Start',
            b'admin.vm.Shutdown',
            b'admin.vm.Pause',
            b'admin.vm.Unpause',
            b'admin.vm.Kill',
            b'admin.vm.Console',
            b'admin.Events',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        exceptions = (qubes.api.PermissionDenied, qubes.api.ProtocolError)
        for method in methods_with_no_argument:
            # should reject argument regardless of having payload or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'some-arg',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'unexpected-arg',
                        b'some-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_992_dom0_unexpected_payload(self):
        methods_with_no_payload = [
            b'admin.deviceclass.List',
            b'admin.vmclass.List',
            b'admin.vm.List',
            b'admin.pool.volume.List',
            b'admin.label.List',
            b'admin.label.Get',
            b'admin.label.Remove',
            b'admin.property.List',
            b'admin.property.Get',
            b'admin.property.Help',
            #b'admin.property.HelpRst',
            b'admin.property.Reset',
            b'admin.pool.List',
            b'admin.pool.ListDrivers',
            b'admin.pool.Info',
            b'admin.pool.Remove',
            b'admin.backup.Execute',
            b'admin.Events',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        for method in methods_with_no_payload:
            # should reject payload regardless of having argument or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'',
                        b'unexpected-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg'):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.ProtocolError):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'some-arg',
                        b'unexpected-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_993_dom0_unexpected_argument(self):
        methods_with_no_argument = [
            b'admin.deviceclass.List',
            b'admin.vmclass.List',
            b'admin.vm.List',
            b'admin.label.List',
            b'admin.property.List',
            b'admin.pool.List',
            b'admin.pool.ListDrivers',
            b'admin.Events',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        exceptions = (qubes.api.PermissionDenied, qubes.api.ProtocolError)
        for method in methods_with_no_argument:
            # should reject argument regardless of having payload or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(qubes.api.PermissionDenied):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'some-arg',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'unexpected-arg',
                        b'some-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    def test_994_dom0_only_calls(self):
        # TODO set some better arguments, to make sure the call was rejected
        # because of invalid destination, not invalid arguments
        methods_for_dom0_only = [
            b'admin.deviceclass.List',
            b'admin.vmclass.List',
            b'admin.vm.Create.AppVM',
            b'admin.vm.CreateInPool.AppVM',
            b'admin.label.List',
            b'admin.label.Create',
            b'admin.label.Get',
            b'admin.label.Remove',
            b'admin.pool.volume.List',
            b'admin.property.List',
            b'admin.property.Get',
            b'admin.property.Set',
            b'admin.property.Help',
            #b'admin.property.HelpRst',
            b'admin.property.Reset',
            b'admin.pool.List',
            b'admin.pool.ListDrivers',
            b'admin.pool.Info',
            b'admin.pool.Add',
            b'admin.pool.Remove',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.List',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.Info',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.ListSnapshots',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.Snapshot',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.Revert',
            #b'admin.pool.volume.Resize',
            b'admin.backup.Execute',
            b'admin.backup.Info',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        exceptions = (qubes.api.PermissionDenied, qubes.api.ProtocolError)
        for method in methods_for_dom0_only:
            # should reject call regardless of having payload or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'some-arg',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'',
                        b'payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'test-vm1', b'some-arg',
                        b'some-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

    @unittest.skip('undecided')
    def test_995_vm_only_calls(self):
        # XXX is it really a good idea to prevent those calls this early?
        # TODO set some better arguments, to make sure the call was rejected
        # because of invalid destination, not invalid arguments
        methods_for_vm_only = [
            b'admin.vm.Clone',
            b'admin.vm.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.property.List',
            b'admin.vm.property.Get',
            b'admin.vm.property.Set',
            b'admin.vm.property.Help',
            b'admin.vm.property.HelpRst',
            b'admin.vm.property.Reset',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Get',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Set',
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.tag.List',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Get',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.tag.Set',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Get',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Set',
            b'admin.vm.firewall.Reload',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.Attach',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.Detach',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.List',
            b'admin.vm.device.pci.Available',
            b'admin.vm.microphone.Attach',
            b'admin.vm.microphone.Detach',
            b'admin.vm.microphone.Status',
            b'admin.vm.volume.ListSnapshots',
            b'admin.vm.volume.List',
            b'admin.vm.volume.Info',
            b'admin.vm.volume.Revert',
            b'admin.vm.volume.Resize',
            b'admin.vm.Start',
            b'admin.vm.Shutdown',
            b'admin.vm.Pause',
            b'admin.vm.Unpause',
            b'admin.vm.Kill',
            b'admin.vm.feature.List',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Get',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Set',
            b'admin.vm.feature.Remove',
            b'admin.vm.feature.CheckWithTemplate',
        ]
        # make sure also no methods on actual VM gets called
        vm_mock = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        vm_mock.name = self.vm.name
        vm_mock.qid = self.vm.qid
        vm_mock.__lt__ = (lambda x, y: x.qid < y.qid)
        self.app.domains._dict[self.vm.qid] = vm_mock
        exceptions = (qubes.api.PermissionDenied, qubes.api.ProtocolError)
        for method in methods_for_vm_only:
            # should reject payload regardless of having argument or not
            # should reject call regardless of having payload or not
            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii')):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'some-arg',
                        b'')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'',
                        b'payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)

            with self.subTest(method.decode('ascii') + '+arg+payload'):
                with self.assertRaises(exceptions):
                    self.call_mgmt_func(method, b'dom0', b'some-arg',
                        b'some-payload')
                self.assertFalse(vm_mock.called)
                self.assertFalse(self.app.save.called)